Mr. Lincoln stirred the patriotic impulses from the lowest depths of the hearts of his audience. But he was interrupted in his eloquent appeal by the sharp yoice of a Penn: sylvania ironmonger, who inquired, “What about protection on iron?” There, sir, before the war commenced, was an illustration of the 2 principles at work. If these principles are followed up we will have a clue to many things otherwise inexplicable. Patriotism was the main wheel which rolled over insurgents and crushed the rebellion; but commercial ideas and financial schemes were the wheel within the wheel. It was patriotism which convoked the reapers in the harvest of death; but property interests on both sides dictated the policy. Of all the dying exclamations of earnest men upon the battle field who ever heard a commercial idea alluded to? No southern soldier ever said, May the Lord perpetuate slavery and aristocracy. His exclamation as he yielded up the ghost was, “May God protect my State from the Yankee vandals.” It was love for his State and dread of northern oppression which made him join the rebel ranks. I have heard of no example yet of a Union soldier turning to his companions to utter with his last breath the great wish of his heart, saying, “May the Lord raise the tar iffs and make the North rich, ” or “May my country long enjoy national banks!”. No.; when stricken the fatal wound he felt that death was tugging at his heart, he exclaimed with the pride of one who had given his life in a glorious cause, “God save the Union.” I venture to say that had you boldly avowed your purpose to subjugate the South, destroy the Union, and violate the Constitution in order to establish the supremacy of the commercial and financial ideas of the North you would have had few of the patriotic soldiers who came forward at their country's call. You might have enlisted an army of bounty: jumpers for the pay, or of thieves who expected to thrive on the plunder of the South; but these would not have been likely to have put down the rebellion. The Gentfrom Massachusetts [Mr. BANKs] has an amendment which he gave notice he intended to tack on to this bill. It contains the substance of the Louisiana bill which we passed today. It proposes to take these States, one at a time, and send into them congressional and military satraps to establish governments in the South on the “loyal basis.” In speaking of his measure of reconstruction, the gentleman said our duty consisted in 3 words, “liberty, emigration, census.” The liberty he proposes is the military oinaugurated in this bill; the liberty of martial law; the liberty of a people who have no rights, whose courts are struck down and whose citizens are conquered ene mies; the liberty which a people may enjoy when turned over to military satraps released from all reponsibility except to carry out the purpose for which Congress sends them, namely, to humiliate and degrade the people. This bill places the people under martial law for an unlimited time. The gentleman said it would not do to allow all of the States to come back into the Union at once. What laws are to govern in the mean time? The U.S. has no code, and the codes of the States are annulled. Are these military satraps to govern by the Plymouth code or the Blue Laws of Connectieut? We may expect to see in some loyal police gazette in the South (for all disloyal ones will be suppressed) “John Smith sentenced to 20 lashes for kissing his wife on Sunday, ” or “Sarah Brown hung as a witch, ” or “Peter Jones burned as a Quaker, ” or “Jane Tompkins sentenced to a ducking stool for scolding; ” and at the end of the sentence the godly, Puritan fiat, “Thus saith the Lord!”. The object in setting up governments South is not to give the people a voice, but more effectually to stifle their voice. It is the kind of liberty the French people enjoyed when every house was placarded with Liberty, fraternity, equality—or death!” The kind of liberty extended to the people of Lyons when Collot d'Herbois went down to that city and assembled 10,000 men, women, and children, and shot them with artillery and musketry, and turned loose republican soldiery on them, and hackled them to pieces with sabers, and then razed the city, and placed over the ruins the inscription, “Lyons rebelled, and Lyons is no more.” The kind of liberty extended to French Giron dists, when they put them in a ship and scuttled it and they sunk to the bottom. Strange things are done in the name of liberty, and the most implacable tyrants are the hydra headed des pots—democracies. Emigration is the next object after liberty. The gentleman proposes to give bounties to loyal men to go there to take control of the government. The people of Massachusetts have great faith, in bounties. It was their principal way of fighting in the late war. The black citizens of these States, invested by all authority, are to run the whole machinery of government. It matters not how large or how small this class may be, they are to exercise the full sovereignty of the States. The idea which gentlemen on the other side of the House have of republican institutions is that only they are entitled to enjoy the privilege of citizens who will indorse the commercial and financial schemes of the Radical party. No man is entitled to exercise the prerogatives of a free citizen unless he is in favor of their national banks and upholds their divine tariffs. Then, Mr. Speaker, he proposes to remodel the census there. I do not know whether he proposes to. kill off everybody that does not to his party, or whether he proposes by more civil means to drive away those who do not agree with him. He proposes to remodel the census of that country as the British East India Company did in India; to remodel the census as GreatBritain is doing with Ireland; to remodel the census of the South by driving out her white population and bringing in by bounties a new population to occupy that coun: try. He proposes to remodel the census by confiscating the land of the South and turning it over into the hands of the black sans culottes. He proposes to remodel the census there by turning over all the revenues of the Government, all the property of the people into the hands of irresponsible speculators, who go down there for the purpose of making for tunes. Henry W.' Beecher, in a lecture delivered in this Hall some time ago, said, in speaking of the capabilities of human nature, “Smelt any man and he will run pure gold.” Now, our friends of the Radical party are establishing a system by which these speculators are oing down South to smelt the negroes; and if they do not run pure gold, they expect that they will run greenbacks copiously. It has been said by several speakers here that the people who have the control of the governments in the South believe that the confederate cause was right and that we must break down those governments for the purpose of making that cause odious. Now, sir, I am one of those who believe that the great mass of human beings in this world, so far as their moral qualities are concerned, are about alike. I believe there is as much virtue in the people of the South as there is in the people of the North; I believe that there was as much loyalty in the people of the South in 1860 as there was in the people of the North; I believe that they were as truly devoted to the doctrines which had been inculcated into their minds as were the people of the North to the doctrines in which they had been educated. people of the South have fought and died for their principles. They left wives and children poor and bountiless; they dared all the dangers of the battle field; they have endured everything that a brave people could endure. I think, therefore it would be nothing but sheer cruelty, and would subserve no good purpose, to inflict upon them by our legislation, umiliation. Every family has given some victim to the cause. Can we expect the survivors to curse the memory of their dead relatives, and can we not be magnanimous enough to leave them the poor gratification of believing thaIt they died without dishonor? noticed at the close of the rebellion in the Atlantic Monthly, a journal which I very frequently read—not because I favor its politics, but because I want to know what is going on—a journal published in the “hub of the universe, ” a poem which attempted to describe what should be done with the South. It was entitled a “Jaguar Hunt, ” in which the people of the South were designated as the bloody jaguar; and it was there inculcated that they should be hunted like the jaguar to his den and killed without mercy. The Jaguar Hunt. The dark jaguar was abroad in the land; His strength and his fiercenesswhat foe could with stan The breath of his anger was hot on the air, Ano the white lamb of peace he had dragged to air. his T"Nheown up rosethe farmer, he summonedhis sons: ohorses, now look to your guns!” And he called to his hound as round he sprang from the To !. back of his black pawing stud with a bound. Oh! oheart. at stirrec the word, how they tingled and They followed all belted and bootedand spurred. "Bucmkele, tight boys, ” said he, “for who gallops with such a hunt as never before shall he see!” With wide nostrilssmoking, and flanks dripping gore The black stallion bore his bold ridor before; w As onward they thundered through forestand glen, A hunting the dark jaguar to his den. In April, sweet April, the chase was begun: It was April again when the hunting was done: The snows of 4 winters and 4 summers green Lay red streaked and trodden and blighted between. Then the monster stretchedall his grim length on fo the His life blood was wasting from many a wound; Ferocious and gory and snarling he o Amid heaps of the whitening bones of his prey, Then up spoke the slow eldest son, and he said:. All he needs is just to be fosteredand fed, Give over the strife; brothers, put up the knife; e will tame him, reclaim him, but take not his life!” But the farmer flung back the false words in his face; “He is none of my race who gives counselso base! No. loose the hound!” And the hound was unYound, And like lightning the heart of the traitor he found. “So rapine and treasonforever shall cease!” And Fo washed the stained fleeceof the pale lamb who, lotrong angel stands winged and white, In a wonderful raiment of ravishing light! Mr. Speaker, I have seen a great many confederate soldiers who.".my district. Most of them were directly interested in the overthrow of slavery, as they were poor men, with whose labor slave labor came into competition. Still, though they were crushed down by this aristocratic system, they ardent ly enlisted in the confederate cause. I asked them what they had been fighting for, and they said they had been fighting for the old Constitution. This is the idea which influenced 1000s upon 1000s of those who went into the rebel army. They believed that the abolition party of the North was violating the Constitution of the U.S.; they believed it had invaded the sacred precincts of the rights of the States; they believed a consolidated despotism could not be established in place of our free Government unless this abolition party was put down; they therefore took up arms against the government. Now, sir, we may think that the southern people were silly in having taken up arms against the Government. It has been repeated here day after day that secession arose from their extreme and unconquerable ignorance. When they went into the rebellion we are told they did not know what they were fighting for. If they did not know what they were fighting for we ought to be more inclined to forgive them, especially since we have ascertained that we did not know what we were fightin for. When we consider how many ideas, distorted opinions, and blind passions may be found in the labyrinths of every man's brain we will not judge harshly. Sir, this whole system is wrong. If history teaches any lesson plainly, it is that a nation's happiness, freedom, and perpetuity, depend upon the exercise of toleration. This lesson is written in the blood of every nation which has fought for freedom. Gentlemen may talk about the laws of nations and quote Vattel and Grotius. To quote from commentators on the laws of nations is sheer nonsense. Who made the law of nations? There is no such law. These commentators derive their laws from precedents set by nations of the Old World, Aid' principles foreign to the genius of an enlightened Government. In this country no man or class of men can impair the freedom and prerogatives of the meanest citizen. Were we to conquer Mexico today we would have no right to set up an oligarchy of mestizoes or a monareh over that country. We are greatly exercised lest the Emperor of France.up a monarch in Mexico. We fear to have a monarchy on our borders. But it gives us no uneasiness that in our own country, under the very wings of the American eagle, freedom is to be struck down, the sovereignty of the citizen is to be denied, and a throne of despotism erected in every southern State. The governments of that broad country, richer than the fertile lands of Egypt, are to be farmed out by the moneyed aristocracy in the North to speculators and to emigrant mercen aries, and to all others who may be willing to “Crook the pregnant hinges of Where thrift may follow fawnitnhge.”knee The Gentfrom Massachusetts [Mr.BANKs] holds up as a precedent in international law the conduct of Russia toward Circassia. The Czar exterminated and drove out the fair inhab itants of that country, depopulated it, and repeopled it. The gentleman alluded to this episode in Russian history as a triumph of administrative ability worthy of imitation. We are to grind the people of these States under the heel of a central despotism, and if they become restive and offer any excuse, we must be ready and prompt to “Let slip the dogsof war.” It is a mistake to suppose that proscription and force can preserve our country. We must trus: to the conservative influences of society, and if they fail our country is lost.