Mr. WILLIAMS. My intention was to make some extended remarks upon the subject matter of this bill and upon t ie project of selling the mineral lauds; but as the time of the senate is so precious I will not tax its patience with any speech upon that subject, but content myself with readin an extract from a letter which I have in my ands, which seems to me to state one sulficient and fatal objection to this bill and to all other bills of a similar nature. I do not produce the letter as authority; but if the Senate will hear what the writer says, of course it can judge of the correctness and sufli ciency of his statements. He says: " By the pressreportsin late morning papers.Isce that the bill proViding for the sale 0 laudswas our mineral before the Senateon the 18thinstant: and I noteyour motion tostrike out the 2ndto 8th sections.inclusive. That bilfis laden with infinite mischiefto the great mining interestsof the Pacific States and teriritories obttahned by ilol ausraprerojupsotsition would and proper, and which, ifa law, would tend tosroduce rapid development the most of the mincean the largestyicld of the precious metals." “I hope the bill may not pass, but that it will go over to another Congress. orat least to the next session.in orderthat themining men of ourcountry may:3 licaed from, and that Senatorsmay bemorefully vise. “Butthat for which I mostdesireto write is in regardtoa grca fteatureofqunrtl minin that is wholly ignoredin this bill; an interest whic. in my opiu ion is of paramount importance. I allude to the fltdlfStlndinterests of organizations tunnelsand tunnelcompanies: running of miners formed for the purpose of deep draintunnelsor ndits.commencingthe soarmsloep.oefocorurso.alwayslowdown at thofoot of the hill mountainin whichhe themineral bearing lodesor veins; and With the view of mining on the same at greaterdepthsthan is practicable, andsome time 7 possible.for the same lodesto beworked by thosemine rsor companieswho claim on the out cropping veins upon the crestor surfaceof the hill and who work through shaftssunk perpoiidicularly. iTnhcCsaolilfuonrnncial, ipnr cecvtasdaan, dancodmpaniesare numerous in becoming the great Idaho and are fast feature ofsilver mining, and, as I confidently believe.W lllultimately prove the most successfulway of gettingout the ores containing the precious metals: especiallyunall districtswhere the topographyof the country is such as to render deep tunneling practicable. Individuals orcompanieson gaged in this kind of mining often make no claim originally to the lodes‘at the surfacc.but run their wmoaryk into the mountain to discover. 'if haply they gold find t hcm.' Senators needto be reminded that rindsilver quarts lodes are not liko‘iron or coal or galcnaor coppermines. They are generally found itnh icnkanrreosws. svocminest imofeos n.tcho fouogthtroarfievlye.oerxtseenvdeinngfeet 15 or 20 to 15 feet. These stand oftenperpendicular and sometimesWith a slighttlip orannle in themount ain. To measureand make sale of these. by rods and acres upon the surface.would belike measuring a strip by square rule, or determining the length and height of a party wall hypnbo measurement. "Gold and silverqunrtz mining in our country is its infancy: the customs in and rules amougmine rs. even. which should govern it are being formed and establishedby the light of experience. Almost all that has 'et beendone has be en by ming a surfaceskim an pit hole process.while he vast and deep lodesof recionsore be yet undiscovered. The Comstockl e in Nevada was discovcred in 151la.nd the mines of Idaho, Montana, and Colorado in yearsof age development ean becountedupon the fingers of a single band. The experience however desired in this class of  mining. all over the world showsa very uniform law that where truefissuro veins have been discovered they may be relied upon for a gradual increase in Width andrichnessto the greatestdepth possiblefor the mine r to obtain. "Tho lowest working levels in the quartzminesof Nevada are only fromfour 100 to 500 ianngd 25 feet. the lowest developmentsbe from 600 to 750 feet; and few minesonly are below 250 feet in depth. the groat obstaclesin the wayofsuoccssfulmining upon these quartz bearing lodes are rapid accumulation of water in the shaftsand chambers and the want of easy ventilation. these can bebestobviated by deep drain tunnels. And in the long run legitimate and successful mining in our country. wherethe topographyof a district will ad pmriot amchu.st be carried on through this meansof ap “Nomsec howthis proposedbillwill work. Tunnel mines and tunnel companies make no claim to lodes toirmveesintshebrye surface disetocvreorpypoinrdizosv.cbluotpmthoent; some work is begun and prosecuted upon tho faith of certain indications; in the languageof themine r. they 'run for the blind lodes;‘ and if any have beenlocatedupon the mountain they prosecutethe work of their tun anneglslesos atos to strike or touchthe lodes nearlyat right themount tahine.ircugtetiiincgraalscmoaunrsyel.odTchseays tphaesysmonaiyn to be able to reach and mine upon such as prove of suffi ciniegnotrWchidatmhobrerriicnhgnaelossntgotwhearrant the work. bydrift lode. both to the right and loft of the tunnel line; and all the ore as quarried is removedto the mouth of the tunnel in barrows or in hand curs thenceto themills for crushin and reduction. In this manner the minc rsthrough a tunnel may honey comb all the lodesina bill or mountain where their tunnel ppnetrates.andmake no work upon and assertno claim to the surfaceor areaof the ground. By the local laws and customs. asnowestablishedin miningdistricts there is diction ofinterest or of title nocon 'or of working With i ntlgiosaonmdinerswho at thesometimemaybeprospect raising ore through shaftssunk. perhapsll o upon the same desat the surfaceor on. the top Q the mountain. Both parties pursue their war. it may befor years, I‘Hlllftl]ey chance to come together: their priority‘of right is simplydetermined bypriority of possession. I‘hesotunnels.as a general thing. are protectedso far below the surface claims. that there can beno interference; rather each provesa valuable aid and ally in the work of theother. The surfaceminer could notprosecutohis work to n depth if great the tunnel wasnot below, through which 0 may hope for drainage and ventilation and an ditiona outlet for the orein his deepehambers, and the tunnel can the better be riin bymaking a connectionwith all theshaftswhich may besunk from time to time along the lodes. I venturethe prediction that in 20 yearsof all the millions of bril lion to beextractedfromthe goldandsilver bearin uartz veins. 19 20th sWlll be obtain bryomores thatshall be broughttothe reductionmills and through deep drain tunnels; prowded that our Congress oes not crippleor rpm theseinterests by“legislation such as isproposedin this bill. Look at the greatminesof Europe and weshall find almost all valuable explorations and developments made through tunnels such as I toni tedto have at describe. I n ony the famous FrieburghE Sax minesagreat drain tuniiclpf several mi esin length has beenrun. throughwhich much of the ore from lodes that could be reached by perendicular shaftsofa few100feet is takenout. n Nevada and in Idaho I amcognizantof severalfine tunnels whichhave beenproected. Someof themalreadyrun a longth of 3 to our 100 feet, and which will stotrliikftococrnchuutvnadlrucadbfcleclto, adnesd inaat faedwopetahsoefstfiwvoethhuonudsarendd feet.below the surface. For all these valuable and (troisocusrancodu rights) tthheermeost important mining enter are in this bill no provisions or protection or recognition. They are totally ig noredin nproposition to sell gold and silvcr lode a bmyigthhet same survey andmeasurementmthwhichone buy and sell a coal mine or a stonequarry. The provisionsin the 2nd and 9th sections of the bill do not and cannot beconstruedto apply to them. The present mining laws and customsregulate and protectthem; but lot thesurface claimants oncegottheir patents, possessing them in feeof the urea of the mountains lled‘with lodes and howand wherewould the tunnel miner's right and interest be found? “The gold and silver bearing quartz lands of the public domaine ughtnever to besold. The veinsof ore which by theminci's' customand law are deter mined and held for work. by lincal measurement. aruall, absolutelyall. that are valuable in the do main to induce settlement.discovery and development. Remove those lodes and the lands would not be worth a furthing for 1,000 acres; Nevada and Colorado and Arizona and NewMexico would Ibdeachoome.for the most part. uninhabited deserts; and and Montana would betotally abandonedto the roving Indians: the inducementswhich attract and hold our sturdy settlers in all tbpse localities would be gone.entircly gone. Thereis somewhere in an oriental countryii.curious provisionabout title to the realt. which is somewhatakin to the customsand rules among miners. A may buy man in Ispahaii a town lot, and ifnot expressedin the derd hasnot the right to build his houso uhovoasinizle story.but theoriginal proprietor owns the air above garnedsesan add asccond or 3rd story. Now. if Conare to insist upon a sale of the mineral lands and will provide for 2 or threcstoriesor strata of titles.through the mountains. in which prodiscov cred the gold andsilver beariiiizquartz veins.wemay be able to adjust the minci's’law to thestatuto of Congress. And wherever the surface claims shall sell at 5 dollars peracre they may be assuredthat the basementfloor in the mineral ninnSionWlll sell at 50 dollars or acre: and the subliasements.ay 1,000 eetbelow. at $50oper acre.”