Mr. BROMWELL. The reasons which induced the committee to recommend the extension of these patents are briefly set forth in the report which has just been read. I may say, in addition to the facts therein set forth, that this matter has been, and must necessarily have been, known to all parties who take any interest in the extension of these patents about a year. During all that time the facts set forth in that report, so far as Thomas W. Harvey was concerned, his time spent, his labors, and hisingenuity are uncontradicted by anyone. So far as I know, the only objection which is urged by anyone to the extension of these ‘patents is that such extension will conflict with the interests of somebody else; that some one else would do a little better if those patents are not extended. I will state what I understand, from all the information derived by the committee, is the Present condition of these patents. The patents embraced in this bill are by no ‘means the only patents under which this class obf screws is produced. There are but 2 pat ents embraced in this bill, while the patents invented by Harvey alone were perhaps not less than a dozen. Besides those patents there are a great many other patented machines which are now in use. Beside the machines now sought to be protected by this bill, Mr. Harvey invented machines of which the public has oalready had the benefit during a great many By means of the machines invented by Mr. Harvey the cost of making these screws has been reduced, so far as the labor upon them is concerned, according to the sworn testimony before the committee, not less than 18 dollars per 1,000 gross. Accord I call for the regular order ofing to the testimony, there are consumed in the U.S. not less than 1200 gross of these screws per day. Now, so far as the public is concerned, it has already received immense advantages from the inventions of Mr. Harvey. And, more than this, it is proper to remark that but for the perseverence and patience and expenditure of money which '. Harvey put forth the probability is that the public never would have had any of this machinery, but these screws would today be made by the old fashioned machinery. Now, I desire to draw a distinction between this case and that class of cases in which a man, by some lucky thought, has invented a machine which is valuable. In the case before the House it is evident, from an examination of the machinery, that it never could have been produced in any other way than by continual repetition of experiment and the expenditure of large sums of money. All of this machinery is what among manufacturers is called automatic; it performs its evolutions almost with a life like action. The metal is drawn into wire, which is cut off into pieces, which are seized by fingers and carried to the several parts of the machinery, and there the various operations necessary to complete the screw are performed. Now, whatever mo nopoly there is in the business of manufacturing screws arises from the fact that no man or set of men can enter upon that manufacture without a very large capital, because some where about 400 machines are necessary before a man is in position to manufacture articles to fill the commonest order. These machines being complicated and costly, and the tools and implements with which they are made being also complicated and costly, it follows that whoever expends the vast sum of money necessary to put up and stock a factory may for that reason have a monopoly to a certain extent. But the case here is not that of those holding a monopoly asking an extension. This is the case of the widow and heirs of the man by whoseingenuity and the expenditure of whose fortune. public now enjoy the advantage of having this machinery in operation in the country. It is in evidence that Mr. Harvey had a large estate, all of which he spent during a long series of years in the many experiments necessary to perfect this machinery. He received from the use of these patents nothing which was not itself spent in carrying out his experiments. He died. His widow and heirs have received nothing, and under Present circumstances they can receive nothing. These 2 patents which he procured are of value; and if this extension be granted in the name of the widow and heirs, and no one else, some of those engaged in the manufacture of screws may perhaps pay this widow and these orphans something for the use of these machines. Although there are many other machines doing the same work, yet it is most likely that there is a certain value about these machines the profit of which might inure to the family of the inventor. Now, what answer to this is it to say that the public have such an interest in these machines being thrown open that they cannot afford the simple act of justice proposed in this bill? The public never originated these inventions; the public never would have enjoyed them had no man been found with theingenuity and patience and liberality to make the unnumbered experiments which resulted in the perfection of this automatic machinery, The public are called on to pay; is not proposed to take any money from the national Treasury; but inasmuch as a great boon has been conferred upon the public by theingenuity and perseverance of Thomas W. Harvey, it is now simply proposed that, in accordance with the liberal spirit of American law and the usages of the Government from the beginning, the public shall, as they ought to, grant to the widow and heirs of this in ventor the opportunity of obtaining some reasonable compensation for his invention, as they have heretofore had none. Mr. Speaker, I now yield to the Gentfrom NewYork [Mr. HALE] for 5 minutes.