The Secretary read it as follows: Be it enacted, &c., That the several courts of the U.S and the several justices and judges of such courts, in addition to the authority already vonferred by law, shall have power to grant writs of hreasbteraaisnceodrpoufshinisaollr chaesresliwbehretrye iannyvpioelarstoionn moafythbee Setoantsetsit;ution or of any treaty or law of the U.S and it shall be lawful for such person so resjutrsatiicneesd of his or her liberty to apply to either of said applicatioonr judges for a writ of habeascorpus, which shall bein writing and verified by affida vit, and shall set forth the facts concerning the detention of the party applying, in whosecustody he or she is detained, and by virtue of what claim or authority, if known; and the said justice or judge to whom such application shall be madeshall forth with award a writ of habeascorpus, unless it shall appear from the petition itself that the party is not deprived of his or her liberty in contravention of the Constitution or laws of the U.S. Said writ shall be ddierteacitneedd, to the person in whose custody the party is bring who shall make return of said writ and writ, the party before the judge who granted the and othe true causeof the detention of spuecrshopnerson within 3 daysthereafter, unless such be detained beyond the distance of 20 miles; and if beyond the distance of 20 miles and not above 100 miles, then within ten days; and if beyond the distanceof 100 miles, then within 20 days. And upon the return of the writ of habeascorpusa day shall be set for the hearing of the cause, not exceeding 5 days thereafter, unless the ppaerttityionpeertitmioanyindgensyhaanlly roefqtuheesmt aatelorinaglefar cttismsee.t forth in the return, or may allege any fact to show that the detention is in contravention of the Constitution or laws of the U.S., which allegations or denials shall be made on oath. The said return may be amended by leaveof the court or judge before or after the same is filed, as also may all suggestions made against it, that thereby the material facts may be ascertained. The said court or judge shall proceed in a summary way to determine the facts of the case, by hearing testimony and the arguments of parties interested; the and if it petitioner shall appear that the is deprived of his or her liberty in contra vention of the Constitution or laws of the U.S., he or she shall forth with be discharged and set at liberty. And if any person or persons to whom. such writ of habeascorpusmay be directed shall refuse to obey the same, or shall neglect or refuse to return, make or shall make a false return thereto, in addition to the remedies already given by law, he or they shall be deemed and taken to be guilty of a misde meanor, and shall, on conviction before any court of competent jurisdiction, be punished by ceeding $1.000and by imprisonment noftineexcneoetdex one year, or by either, according to the nature an aggravation of the case. From the final decision of any judge, justice, or court, inferior to the circuit court, an appeal may be taken to the circuit court of the U.S. for the district in which said cause is heard, and from the judgment of said circuit court to the ". Court of the U.S., on such terms and under such regulations and orders, as well for the custody and appearance of the person alleged to be restrained of his or her liberty as for sending up to the }}}”. tribunal a transcript of the petition, writ of habeascorpus, return thereto, and other proceedings, as may beprescribed by the Supreme Court, or, in default of such, as may prescribe: the judge hearing said cause appeal and pending such proceedings or and until final judgment berendered therein, and after final judgment of discharge in the same, any proceeding against such person so alleged to be restrained of his or her liberty in any State court, or by or under the authority of any State, for any matter or thing so heard and determined, or in process of being heard and determined, under and by virtue of such writ of habeascorpus, shall be and void. deemed null SEC. 2. Abife:, That a final judgment or decree in any suit in the highest court of a State in which a decision in the suit could be had, where is drawn in question the validity of a treaty or statute of, or an authority exercised under, the U.S., and the decision is against their validity, or where is drawn in question the validity of a stat lite of or an authority exercised under any State, on the ground of their being repugnant to the Constitution, treaties, or laws of the U.S., and the decision is in favor of any title, right, privilesguec, h their validity, or, where or immunity is claimed under the Constitution, or any treaty or statute of or commission held or authority excrcised under the U.S., and the decision is against the title, right, ". "; or immunity specially set up or claimed by treaty, statuteei, thceormmpaisrtsyionu, nodrearusthuocrhityC, onmsatiytubteiorne, examined and reversed or affirmed in the SCOTUS, upon a writ of error, the citation being signed by the chief justico, or judge, or chancellor of the court rendering or passing the judgment or decree complained of, or by a justice of the SCOTUS, in manner, the same and under the same regulations, and the writ shall have the same effect, as if the judgment or decreecomplained of had beenrendered or passed in a court of the U.S.; and the proceeding upon the reversal shall also be the same, except that the Supreme Court may, at their discretion, proceed to a final decision of the same, and award execution, or remand the same to an inferior court. This act shall not apply to the caseof any person who is may or be held in the custody of the military authori tics of the U.S., charged with any military offense, or with having ailed or a against betted rebellion the Government of the U.S. prior to the passage of this act.