Mr. TRUMBULL. Mr. President, I feel it“ incumbent oh inc to reply to some of the arguments presented by the Senfrom Indiana against this bill. any of the positions he has assumed will be found, upon examination, to have no foundation in fact. He has argued against provisions not contained in the bill, and he has ar ned also as if he were entirely for getful of the condition of the country and of the great war through which we have passed. Now sir, what was the object of the freedmens bureau, and why was it established? It was established to look after a large class of people who, as the results of the war, had been thrown upon the hands of the Government, and must have perished but for its fostering care and protection. Does the Senator mean to deny the [power of this Government to protect people under such circumstances? he Senator must often have voted for appropriations to protect other classes of people nu er like circumstances. Whenever, in the history of the Government, there has been thrown upon it a helpless population which must starve and die but. for its care, the Government has never failed to provide for them. At this very session, within the last 30 days, both Houses of Congress have voted half a million dollars to feed and clothe people during the present winter. Who were the? Many of them were Indians who had joined the rebellion and had slain loyal people of the country. Yes, sir, we appropriated money to feed Indians who had been ghting against us. We did not hear the Senators voice in o position to that appropriation. What were tcfacts? It was stated by our Indian agents that the Indian tribes west of Arkansas, o. art of whom had joined the rebel armies an some the Union armies, had been driven from their country; that their property had been destroyed; and now, the conflict of arms having ceased, they had nothing to live upon during the winter; that they would encroach upon the white settlements; that unless provision was made for them they would rob, plunder, and murder the inhabitants nearest them; and Congress was called upon to appropriate money to buy them food and clothing, and we did it. We did it for rebels and traitors. Were we not bound to do it? Now, sir, we have thrown upon us 4 million people who have toiled a their lives for other s; who, unlike the Indians, had no property at the beginning of the rebellion; who were permitted to eat the bread their own hands iad earned; many of whom are without any rutans of support, in the midst of a prejudiced and hostile population who have been struggling to overthrow the Government. These 4 million people, made free by the acts of war and the constitutional amendment, have been, wherever they could, loyal and true to the Union; and the Senator seriously asks, what authority have we to appropriate mone to take care of them? What would gie do with l iem? Would heailow them to starve and die? Would he turn them over to the mercy of themes who, through their whole lives, have had their earnings, to be enslaved again? It is not the 1st time that money has been appropriated to take care of the destitute and an ering African. For yearsit has been the law that whenever persons of African descent were brought to our shores with the intention of reducing them to slavery, the Government should, if possible, rescue and restore them to their native land; and we have appropriated 100s of 1,000s of dollars for this object. Can anybody deny the right to do it? Sir, hu fmauity as well as the constitutional obligation, to suppress the slave trade required it. So now the people relieved by our act from the control of masters who supplied their wants that they might have their services, have a right to rely upon us for assistance till they can have time to provide for themselves. hjsEreedraeafs Bureau is not intended as a permanent institution. It is only designed to aid these helpless, ignorant, and unprotected people until they can provide for and take care of themselves. The authority to do this, so for as legislative sanction can give it, is to be found in the action of a previous Congress which established the bureau; but if it were a new question, the authority for establishing such a bureau, in my judgment, is given by the Constitution itself; and as the Senators whole argument goes upon the idea of eace, and that all the consequences of the war aveceased, I shall be pardoned, I trust, if I refer to those provisions of the constitution which, in my judgment, authorize the exercise of this military jurisdictionfor this bureau is a part of the military establishment not simplyduring the conflict of arms, but until peace shall be firmly established and the civil tribunals of the country shall be restored with an assurance that they may peace fully enforce the laws without o position. (the constitution of the U.S. declares that Congress shall have authority “to declare war and make rules concerning captures on land and water, ” “ toraise and supportarmies, ” “to provide and maintain a navy, “to make rules or the government and regulation of the land and naval forces, ” “ to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrection, and repel invasion, and “ to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers.” It also declares that “ the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States, ” and that. “the U.S shall aranty to every State in the Union a RFG.” Under the exercise of these powers the Government has gone through afour years conflict. It has succeeded in puttin down armed resistance to itsauthority. But did e military power which was exercised to put down this armed resistance cease the moment the rebel armies were dispersed? Has the Government no authority to bring to nnishment the authors of this rebellion after tocon flict of arms has ceased; no authority to hold as prisoners, if necessary, all who have been captured with arms in their hands? Can it be that the moment the rebel armies are dispersed the military authority ceases, and they are to be turned loose to arm and organize twain for another conflict against the Union? Wrhy, sir, it would not be more preposterous on the rt of the traveler, after having, at the periof his life, succeeded in disarming o. highwayman by whom he was assailed, to immediately turn round and restore to the robber his weapons with which to make a new assault and yet this is what some gentlemen would I have this nation do with the worse than rob, bers who have assailed its life. They propose, the rebel armies being overcome. that c rebels themselves shall be instantly clothed With all the authority they possp, before the con They are to be continued and exercised until diet, and that the inhabitants of States who for morethan 4 years have carried on an organized war against the Government shall at once be invested with all the powers they had at its commencement, to organize and begin it anew. Nay, more, they insist that without any action of the Government it is the right of the inhabitants of the rebellious States on laying down their arms to resume their former positions in the Union with all the rights they possessed when they began the war. If such are the comsequences of this struggle, it is the 1st conflict in the history of the world, between either individuals or nations, from which such results have followed. Whatman, afterbeing despoiled of much of his substance, his children slam, his own life periled, and his body bleeding from I many wounds, ever restored the authors of such calamities, when within his power, to the rights they possessed before the conflict without taking some security for the future? Sir, the war powers of the Government do not., "cease with the dispersion of the rebel armies. the civil authority of the Government can be established firmly and upon a sure foundation not again to be disturbed or interfered with and such, sir, is the understanding of the Government. None of the Depts of the Government understand that its military authority has ceased to operate over the rebellious States. It is but a short time since the POTUS issued a proclamation restoring the privilege of the wnt of habeascorpus in the loyal States, but did he restore it in the rebellious States? Certainly not. What authority has he to suspend the privilege of that writ anywhere except in pursuance of the constitutional provision allowing the writ to be suspendetll“when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it?” Then the President understands that the public safety in the ipsurrectionary States still requires its suspensron. he AttyGen, when asked a few days ago why JeffersonDavis was not put upon trial, told you that, “though active hostilities have ceased, a state of war still exists over the territory in rebellion, ” so that it could not be properly done. GenlGrant, in an order issued within a few dayswhich I commend to the especial consideration of the Senfrom Iridiana, for it contains many of the provisions of the bill under consideration; an order issued with the a probation of the Executive, for such an order Ip apprehend could not have been is sued without his approbationdeclares: [General Orders, No. 3.] War DEPT, ADJUTAKT Gnunnuis Orrtcl, WASIHINGTUN, January 12. 1866. Toprotectpernomagainstimpropervizflmin and pen altiesin lale rebellious Mules. Military division and Dept, commanders whosecommandsembraceor are composed of any of the late rebellious States, and who have notulroady done so, will at once issue ind enforce orders protccting from prosecutionor suits in the State or municipal courts of stmh State. all otficers and soldiersof the armies of the U.S., and all personsthereto amttilaitcahreyda, ourthine riutyu, ywise thereto belonging, subjectto chaygedwith oifeusesloractsdone propermilitary authority; and to protect from suit or prosecution all loyal citizens, or persons, churned owrrmt, dloreffeetnlys, esdone against the rebel forces, directly during the existence of the rebellion: and all persons. their Heats and employees, charged with the occupancyofabnndonedlandsorplantutions, or the possessronor custody of any kind of property whatever, who occupied. used pomessed mr controlled the some, pursuant t otho power of the President, or any of the civil or military depts. of the Govornment, and to protectthem from any penalties ordain asJes thut l. nayhave been or may be pronouncedor a judgedin said eourts in anyofnucb cases; and also protectmizeolored persons froln prosecutiops in any of said Stateschargedwith offensesfor which white persons are not prosecuted or punished in the same manner and degree, By command of Lieutenant GenlGrant: I}. D. TOWNSEND. AsatalflM Adiutanl General.