Mr. EDI UNDS. Mr. President, that is a distinction, if it be one, without a difference. N ow, my friend says that these people, although they might not have become traitors, levying, under the Constitution, overt acts of war, to be proved by 2 witnesses, and therefore punishable, become belligerents; they become enemies; they became hostile to the Government by operation of law. He had just told a Senator on the other side of the Chamber that they were not alien enemies. T hen they were citizen enemies, persons owing nlle glance and duty to the Government, and being in a condition which is openly hostile to it, belligerents a ninst it, enemies of it. How much that Inc 1 of being a traitor I should be glad to have the gentleman, at some convenient opportunity, inform me and the other senntors. But so he is not a traitor; say he is an enemy; do not know, for one, that any such legal result has been produced by any act or pretended act of secession whatever. I am one, of those who have been brought up in the old notion, that this is a.Government of the people, and the twithin the scope of the constitutional powers of this Government it operates upon the people as individuals, rmd not upon the States as sovereignties. We make no law operating upon States. We never have made a law 0 crating upon States, and we never shall We have no relations with the States of this Government except those that the Constitution prescribe in respect to organizing a form‘ of government and in respect to the Governors of States appealing to us for protection against domestic violence. If this be within the limits of the Constitution as government of the people, it cierates directly u n the people, upon the individual citizen, whether he be in Maine or in Virginia; and if thatindividual citizen bonds himself together with all the other citizens in the State, save one, in levying war against that Government to whom they owe allegiance and subjection, is that other one therefore on enemy “I I should be glad to have the Senfrom Michigan tell me if the inhabitants of some county in his State should get up on insurrection against a State tax and levy war against the State, whether those who resisted thut wur, who were willing to pay the tax, who would.not take up arms, became hostile to the State and subject to the pains and penalties which are duly imposed upon enemies of the State.