Mr. COWAN. There is power to correct the evil of which the honorable Senator complains, to a great extent, but this bill does not correct it. This bill does not prevent the States from levying taxes upon the trade and travel of“ other States. It steps aside, away from the mise hief, and undertakes simplyto say to all roads, “ Your power shallbe enlarged so as to enable you to do things which you are not authorized to do by the terms of your original creation.” It does not forbid the State of NewJersey from levying taxes to go into her State treasury through the medium of the Camden and Amboy railroad. It does not prevent the State of Pennsylvania from requiring a foreign corporation to ay so mu annually for leave to do through teState. It does not forbid the Baltimore and Ohio railroad from levying a tax upon its asseners to go into the cotlers of Maryland). It eaves the mise hief untouched; but it attempts, in violation, I think, of all State authority and all State right, and without any reason, to enlarge the charter of the Delaware and Raritan Bay Railroad Company through NewJersey, because that is the int of it; and it is upon that charter that it is to operate. But, Mr. President, there is another thin to be taken into the account. Who has onfered from this “monoply” in NewJerse pray? Nobody. The people of the world never before traveled as comfortably, as rapidly, and with the same certainty as they do now across NewJersey upon the Camden and Amboy road. It is a good road and flourishing, and ought to be, and NewJersey ought to be proud of it. She has fostered it an given it privileges which she has refused to other companies, and it is owing to that very fact, perhaps, thatshe has it today. Now, other companies want to enjoy the fruits of its prosperity and success; and because NewJersey refuses to allow them to do so, in violation of her own compact with her own company, her own creation, we areappealed to to do it. It is not to remove the actual mists chief, the mise hief which exists as against the Constitution, and which has not been felt, and as a inst which I believe nobody has as yet song t relief, but it is to confer special power not granted by NewJersey upon one of her own corporations: With regard to Pennsylvania, who has found difficulty in comin across the Alleghanies by the Pennsylvania entral road 7 There is hardly upon this continent or upon any other such a road as that; a road upon which a man can travel with the same speed, the same certainty, and at less cost. What might be if there were more of them, and what might be if they were up n more direct lines, is another thing. But, Mr. President, it requires an enormous amount of capital to build a railroad through the mount ains, much more than it does over the almost level plains of Ohio. Pennsylvania does not feel herself warranted in creating companies with a large amount of capital to embark in enterprises until she is satisfied herself that lthey will pay; and themoment that is done, new avenues will be opened; but certainly no one can complain now of the want of avenues to pass through Pennsylvania in any direction almost. As I said before, they may not be direct; I may not be able to get home as directly as I could by an air line; but I know very well that Iget ome in the same time now that it would formerly take mote go from where measure. sively vindicated by the Senfrom Ohio. 10f eve I live to Pittsburg, a distance of about 30 miles, or nearly so. When we take all these things into the account, I think there is no reason that we should complain, either of the monopoly of railroad companies or of the exclusive claim on the part of the States to control the cororations within their limits. All that could have been asked of a State in the 1st place was to say to the people, “ You may travel over the State and you shall travel over the State free from any burden whatever, except perhaps for police or sanitary purposes, but we will impose no burden on you which will at taxes in the State treasu." That was t s most that anybody could as, not that the General Government should enter a State and should parcel out franchises which belong to it as a part of its reserved rights and give them to colorations alter the fashion contemplated by this bill. Mr. President, I have had no apprehensions that this measure could pass, and have therefore sat silently by during the debate; but I beg leave to say, that if this measure is to pass the Senate, it is, even among the important measures which come before this body, the most important by far which has claimed our attention during this session, and will be fraught in the future with results that no man can cal culate now. Ihope that we shall all pause before we adventure ourselves upon an errand of this kind.