Mr. HOWE, Yes, sir; and because it says they shall give him opinions, I stand upon that very clause and say the Constitution never contemplated any such thing as you say ought to exist. If the makers of the Constitution had intended that the SecyState and of the Treasury should be the mere tools and the lackeys of the President, which your law makes them, instead of providing in that fundamental law that he might call on them for written opinions, the Constitution would have said that he should not call on them to black his boots nor to groom his horses. I am not sure, but you will have to put that clause into the Constitution, if you mean to make the heads of your Depts occupy respectable positions for any great length of time. Do you, find any statute authorizing the Senate to call on your Clerk for any information about the usages of the Senate? Did you ever see a by law of a bank which said the stockholders or the direct ors might consult the cashier or demand his opinion about the management of the bank? ou do not want such provisions as these for consulting men whose offices are held at your pleasure. The power of removal secures all this, and, unhappily for our country, it secures a great deal more than this which ought never to be secured. Then, Mr. President, I do insist, not merely as a matter of law, as I said, but as a matter of fact, that the Constitution never designed to create these relations between the President and these heads of Depts. They are not there for any purpose of close and confidential communication or counsel with the President. They are there not as the tools of an Executive, but they were losio to stand there as ministers of the state. Will you not consent to place them in the character of ministers of state, clothe them with the prerogatives of ministers of state, and secure them the independence which every minister of state demands for the protection and for the welfare of the Republic? The Senfrom Maine [Mr. FEssexDFN] argued that the Constitution charged the President with the duty of seeing that the laws were faithfully executed, and therefore that he must have this power of summary removal in order to secure a prompt obedience and cooperation on the part of his subordinates, that these heads of Depts were created for the purpose of aiding him in the execution of the aws, and unless he was clothed with this power of summary removal they might become refractory and refuse to give him that prompt aid which he i.i.i. Why, Mr. President, a SecyTreasury is no more an aid to the President in executing the laws than is the collector of customs in NewYork. The PostMGenl is no more an aid to the President in executing the laws than is the deputy postmaster at the confederate Cross roads. I am not entirely sure, though, that he is a real functionary of the Government.