Mr. JOHNSON. Certainly; but broken how, and broken when? the honorable member is not to be told that there existed throughOut the country in every section of it a large class of intelligent men who believed that the States had a right to secede. Your late lamented presidentso announced in a speech made by him when he was a member of the HoRep. I thought I had by me a copy of the Kentucky resolutions known to have been writ ten by Mr. Jefferson, but I cannot find it at present; but the 1st of those resolutions which was adopted by the unanimous vote of the Legislature of Kentucky says in so many words that the Government of the U.S. is nothing but a compact, and that the States have the right to decide for themselves whether it is broken or not and can act accordingl. A terrible doctrine, a: mischievous doctrine; but who did it come from? From onewho had taught the public mind of the South, from the very apost eof human liberty, from one who hated tyranny and loved freedom; and his teachings and the teachings of others who succeeded him made the South believe that they had that right. They just as firmly believed it as my honorable friendfrom Maine and myself believe in the contrary doctrine. You cannot deal with a people of that description as if they were criminals acting without the pretense of right. Now, the honorable member from Massachusetts says they cannot come in because the case of Luther rs. Borden, as decided by Mr. Chief Justice Taney, reported in 7 Howard, holds that that is a matter to be passed upon by congress. That is a great mistake. With due deerence, it says no such thing. It says that under the clause of guarantee Congress must necessarily decide whether the government which the are called upon to guaranty is republican. t says that under another part of the same clause which makes it the duty of the Government to protect a State against do mestic violence or oreigu invasion, Congress is to pass laNvsfor that purpose. They passed the act of 1793 making it e dut of the president on the application of the Hegislature of a State if it was in session, or the Executive of the State if the Legislature was not in session to interfere; and the court go on to say that under the act of 1703and I ask the honorable members attention to itthe President is to decide and nobody else.