Mr. CHANLER said: Speech entitled Freedmens Bureau printed in Appendix. February 8, 1866. The House having under consideration the bill S.No. 60)to enlarge the powers of the Freedmens arcan Mr. Speaker: A few dayr a o, in a discussion on the JtResolution relative to negro suffrage in the DistCol, I asserted that the black race were as dependent on the white race today as when 1st brought here from Africa. This bill is confirmation strong as Holy Writ of that assertion. Gentlemen on the other side of the question professed great astonishment at my assertion at that time. This bill shows them to be early converts to my opinion. Nothing could prove the utter dependence of the negro race, as individuals and as a people, more conclusively than this measureand the history of the Freedmens Bureau. As far as this bureau may be charitable, iist, and constitutional, I am willing it should (fo its work, but not one jot further. The amelioration of the condition of the negro race is as much my duty and as near my heart as it can be to any advocate of such a measure as this. I will not claim the pharisaical superiority and holiness assumed by the Gentfrom minnesota, [Mr. DONNELLYS nor preach to the House in the clerical style and language of the Gentfrom Massachusetts, [i r 1.101] wasT is nssnsrni. 10astvnrow and wan is 1!!! BASIS or FANATICAL CHRISTIANITY. Mr. Doxnsux, in the HoRep, February 1, “ 1866, said: It is a cabinet of congratulation that we have passed beyond those old and bitter days wheu revenge and intolerance were the guiding principles of governments. As victorsin the mighty struggle which has but lately terminated and as the superiors ol the South imnaegnnliagnhitmenomusent and Christianity. we can affordto be to the greatest degree compatible with public safety, That alone should be the limit of our generosity, and beyond thatwe should not goo hairs brendh. C i U “Sir. I am readyto trust the South when we have reformed the South.andnottillihcii. The Souththat made the rebellion. in the same temper in which she made it I neverwill trust." " “Who can fail tosceinthisvastdisproportion the cause of the rebellion? In the language O Henry Ward Beecher. As upon the coast you can trace the line between the dark and treacherous sonon the one hand and the firm and trustyland on the other.by the rowof lighthouses so you can mark between the deep and dum iiable wickedness of treuson and the supernal luster of patriotism by the line of sohool housea. Mr. ELior, of Massachusetts, in the HoRep, January 30, 1866, said: “Bay not myfriends.this must not be. for trul it must cl licsist it notl Fight not against it. lost you. too. hear the voiceas of old, Snii l Saull why persecutes thou me? It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks." I would say to these gentlemen in all court esy that these comparisons and allusions to the Christian condition of the North and South are rebuked by the great Master of the Christian faith. The Pharisce stood afar off and prayed in aloud voice and thanked God that he was not as other men. He salted his prayer to God with much raise of himself and with zealous condemnation of others. The allusion to Saul, who persecuted Christ, comes with singular in appropriateness from a reputed member of a sect which denies the divinity of Christ in the Trinity and when gentlemen avail themselves of scraps of old sermons to enforce political and partisan purposes, they are open to the charge of that blasp emy they so often lay to the doors of others. How much more appropriate would it have been had the honorable gentleman quored Peter, who thrice denied his Lord, to curry favor with the moband the servants in the ante chamber of the high priest. Sir, there are many good men in this country who justly look with doubt and suspicion upon the loud mouthed quotations of Scripture by those who have abandoned the ulpit for the stump, and from being priestsoft e living God, become demagogues of a fanatical party, who maLe the spelling book the worshipof man, the persecution of the ignorant and oppressed, negro suffrage and degradation of the white race, essential unto salvation. The school house they hold to be holler than the sanctuary of God; the Boston primer better than the Bible. HB REPREBINTATION. Mr. JULIAN, of Indiana, in the HoRep, January 29, 1866, said: The rebelsof the South hate the negronow not simply as the ally of the Yankee in foiling their treason, but as the author of all their misfortunes.who. having beenvillaine us] misusedby them, is of course villaine usly despiscc. They hatchim with a rancor that feeds unce asingly upon every uicuioryk of their humiliation and detect. 1 icy confront him With a hatred so remorseless. withering. Consuming. that it cross out today in every quarter of the South in doe s of outrage violence and crime, which find no parallel ovenin the atrocities practiced in that section under the old codesof slavery which were codes of murder and all mine r crimes. not read and Mr. Suussa, at Worcester, Massachusetts, September 14, 1865, said: “Such is their spirit. Grounding their arms.they now resortto other inpans. Cunning takes the place of wiir. As they precipitated themselves out of the Union. they nowseekto precipitate themselves back. A wooden horse is constructed, which is stuffed with Troy. hiAddlreenadf yoetshe and thus they seek to enter.our rattle of arms is heard, and omine us voii es.us the treacherous ciigincils advanced; but beyond lliiaie sounds.there is therecordof the past and the present. Who does iiot know that theSouthis full of spirits who havesworn undying hatrednotonl to the Union but.to reasonitself and whosepolicy is a perpetual conspiraoy against the principles of our Government? ainful proofs come to demonstrute the prevailing frenzy. The freedmenare trodden down, and the land is lied with tragedies. Histo stands aghastat the massacre of Glcnooein arctire Scotch valley and our sympathies overflow at the murderof a solitary traveler by the merciless Indians: butthese scenes are now lCPlHlWl. Th linrhurism of slavery r esstill. The linli lllltl the bloodhound areat large. Li a is oflittle vnluc itit bents under u color skin. Citizens in the national uniform are insulted, niuti lated, murdered especially if they are in command of colored troops and lbQct) criminals boomelred with patriot blood and boiling With concentrated rage, now strive to envelope themselvesin the immunities Of State independence, with two special O coin in view: fifsl. that they may deal with the fro menas the plensc. without any check from the national authority And. 2nd , that they maysend a solid representation of more than 80 votes pledged to southern pretensions which in combination.with treacherous votes from the North. may reassert that ancient monopoly and masterdom under which the country suffered so long. " Anil once more Erect the standard thereof ancient night.I. “Beading the proceed of the convention in Missrssippi, weseemaga into ear the voiceof Satan: To claim our iust inheritanceof old Whether h openwar or cover!mule, We now deate.”Mr. Donna“, in the HoRep, February 1, 1864}, said: “Now, what is the condition of the South in refer onceto all this? “I assertthat it is such as would bring disgrace up“on any despotism in Christendom. The great bulk of the people are rude illiterate. semi civilized: hence the rebellion; hence all the atrocious barbarities that accompaniedit. The number of ignorant is indieitted by the proortion unable to read and write: indicated say, at not fully shown because of the pruclicully ignorant, of those who readneither booksor newspupers, and are thus out at! from acquiring information through its ordinary channels. the proportion who have neverlcarnedt cir letters or to write their names may be small indeed. “I repeat.the conditionof the Southin this respect would be shameful to any semicivilised people, and is such as to render a republican government resting on the intelligent judgment of the people.an impossibiity. "I “ appealto the revelations of the census. M stutistics do not include the former slaves, but the white peopleof the South and the few freed no gr“oes found among them in 1830. In the 1st place I would quote the following very complete table furnished me by the Census Bureau, and giving the total results upon this subicct for the whole U.S.: " t and fraepepneeagrsrforopmopthuilsattiiiobnle othf atht the U.S. h.iilne 1860 o. of 20 years of age. Who could not read and write, was but little sliort ofhalf a million. In other words. that in the last residential election n.iftheen tiro population of the U.S. had voted, half a million votes would have been cast by men who could write. "When we recollect that upon our presidcntial electionsde icnil the great interests nndt c life of the country and remotely the causo of all mankind ] ve may well stand appalled before this vast force ofhall a million ignorant men deciding the destinies of the world. “Bu if we look exclusively at the southern Statec" find still greater eause for surprise and alarm. The following table shows the number ol illitern to mule whites in 7 southern States; also the total voteof those states in Ni), and the vote given in each State in the same year for Breckiuridite: " If we examinethis table we find that in the 7 States named the number of illiterate is about one 5th the total number of voters and nearly 1/2 the total vote for Breekinridge the representative of disunion and secession. "If heivever we add to each man entirely illiterate one other who while able to read and write his name derives no practical advantage from these mere rudiments of education in formimg his opinions. We will find the total to bemorethan one t iird of the total voteand 5/6th sof the votefor Breck in“riTdfiee. total number of illiterate in the southern Statesin 1860.over 20 years of age exclusiveof the th n slams. Was 545,177.In these.with the comparatively ignorant associated with them we see the upholderso the rebellion.ag the ballot box and in the field., Without these it could never have been inaugurated mrif inaugurated could never have maintained itself for 6 months against the mighty levies of the Union. “But. it maybe said these evils will correct themselves. The testimonyis all theother way. “From 1840to 1860 a period of 20 years the number of illiterate over 20 years ruse rein 549.69t3o 1.218.311in: other words an increase of considerably more than 100% At thesameratio of growthitwould be2.674.47in2 1880: 5.823.7 (i1n11901 and in 1920it would aniount to the enormous total 0612596688. other words. in 50 years from the taking of the next census the illiterate in the U.S. over 20 years.exclusiveof the 17004111w10il“l. be 12.5001). four times the numberwithwhich the nation commenced its career nearly one half the total white population in 1860 and representinir a voting force 1/3rd greater than the total vote at the Presidentia]l election in 1860: that is to say. over 6,000,000 voters “Who will pretend that with such a massof ignorance the Government could survive? It would be buried in the most disgraceful anarchythe world has ever seen. But.Mr. Speaker, even these appalling figuresdo not tell the wholestory. These fiizures do not include the then slaves. n owfreedruen. We mustadd to the ignorant peopalation of theSouth the4.000.00bolacks just releas from slavery. in 1860.the illiterate personsof native birth were. Together and divide the illiterate according to the H0 or REPs. " The figures would standasfollows: NUMBERor ILLITEBATE. Ymr. lute. Rim Mr. Total. 3.11 75 swan] 4.76.11.21210.?. 0121 U 5.994.812 18.591.500 cylelfaer so from the next ecnspsuavery I nation when it is snp “So that in short periodin 50; t posedthat the total population will O 120.1101000 the illiterate will be one 5th of the entire number and, nearly 1/3rd of the entire vote. | “I trust. then. that no gentleman will doubt the I propriety of the amendment I have submitted. We i are interfering iu behalf ot the negro: let us interfere to educate him. We thus strike out at one blow a large proportion of the ignorance of the South; we shame the whites into ancTTortto educate themselves and we report: thus both classes for the proper exerciseof the " Nor shall $111of suffrage. it be said that the ignoranee revealed by these statistics is anexotic. that it results from foreign immigration. While it is true that in theNorth 11 large proportion of the illiterate are from foreign lands.in the South the reverse is the case. In NCarolina. 74.877w. hiletbose of forciirn birth were but 100. In Alabama the illiterate of native birth were 37.392. while those of foreign birth were 2.663. “The total number of illiterate foreigners in the U.S.in 1860 was 342.917 while. amsorryto say. those born under our institutions and unable at the age of 20 years to read and write were814.106. "Let us.however.setasidethe foreign infusion ul natural divisions of the country. "The results are as follows; No. illiterateof Total Section. Native birth. po "lution. NewEngland States. Middle States. Southern States. WesternStates. (Ohio.Indiana. Illinois and Kansas Northwwteru States.(11ieliignn. Iowa. Minnesota and Wisconsin). Pacific States Statesinsteadof the 834.00 we nowhave. A comparison of these figures leads to some sur 1114l1l8 results. If. for instance. The ratio of the NewEngland States held good.weshould hare less than 80.000 native hem illiterate persons in the U.S. In other words. the illiterate native voters of the country would nbtheoleostshtheralnia4nod. 0 who eoifin. nstdetahdaotfthbeeisnoguotvheerr n1 States have a population about equal to the middle and western States combined while the numher nt illiterate in the 1011110r1ll 5 la5s.la7g7a.inst 241.83i4n the and this notineludin the vast numberof illiterate freedmen in the Sout. who would make the isproportiori still greater. So that theSouth out number: in illiterate the most unfavorable portion! of the North more than two to one. “As compared with the NewEngland States the disproportion is still more striking. At the ratio of how n gland the southern States should have but 34.000 illiterate persons;as it is the number is "The whole 545.177. U.S.s. with a population of 27.000.00 contains 834.14i”lliterate persons and of theseo45.177are found in the southernStates.with a population ot 121110.000In. other words.the entire populous It orth contains but$8.921.while thesparse y settled South contains 545.177."Mr. Speaker, the malignant party spirit and sectional hate that runs through this whole statement needs no illustration. They illustrate themselves as the trail of the snake and the stench of the pole eat mark the way of the reptile and vermin. If the southern people are so unfortunate, why persecute and slander them. If ignorant, why exclude them from the pale of Christianity? Christ was tiNazarene, despised. spit upon, and crucified. Re kept company withl uhlieans and sinners, his disciples were the scum of Jewish society, the most illiterate, ignorant. poor, and degraded of all the subjects of the Roman empire. Lazarus and the blind beggar would never have been accepted as [it Christians for fellow [nnarz REFERRED ro ox PRECEDING inion]. Persons over 20 years of age unable to read and write, 8th censiw, 1860. 4"" White. Free Colored. "$71".; STATES. Native. Foreign. Total. Total. ship with these “ illuminati” and latter day saints of faaaticism. Sir, the necessity of a representation of the people of the South was never ine re necessary or evident than at this time. such wholesale misrepresentation of the South as discussion on this and similar bills has elicited is unbecoming in those who indulge in it, as it is unjust to the people of the North, who are desirous of sealing their great victories over the South with a generous forgetfulness of the past and with magnanimous trust in the honor of the people of the South for the future. The Union preserved, the peoples wish made perpetual in the bonds of sympathy, honor, and mutual interest tyranny and usurpation of extreme military and despotic powers by the General Government cannot effect this. MOTHVES and PLANS OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Sir, the people of the North are not fairly rep presented by such sentiments as have been uttered in this debate and on kindred subjects. Mr. JULIAN, in the HoRep, January 29, 1866, said: “ Let us not make enemies and outlaws of 4 million people.among whomno traitor or sympathiier with treason has over yet been found; who were eager to help us from the very beginningof our struggle and as soona s we were read gladly furnishednearly 200,000 soldiers to aid in saving the nations floifuenzadnidnwthhoe. fiuf taullroew. eadsjuthsetiyeehaatvoeurbbeaenndins. the past. our effective auxiliaries and mostfaithful friends."; Mr. Dosxsuar, in the HoRep, February 1, 1866, said: “ There are certain measures upon which the dominant party seemagreed. They are: “1 he amendment of the Constitution prohibiting the payment of any debt contracted in further anceof the rebellion. "2. The amendment to confine the basis of representationto those actually re presentedin Congress. "3. The passage of the bil now under consideration. Enlarging the powers of the Freedmens Bureau. Mr. BOUTWEI.I. in the HoRep, said, in urging the necessity of giving the right of suffrage to the negro, (extracts taken from National Anti Slavery Standard of Febru ary 3, 1866:) "I declare after the gravestdeliberation and the calmest reflection and I say it with sorrow.looking upon the country rent by opposite opinions on this question. That Without such a measureas I suggestfor t a southernStates.this Government eannot outlast those who are new in the vigor of manhood. Why and how will it “It fail? will fail and fall from the fact that by restoration without this all essential guarantee we put into the handsof our enemiesin the South two weapons. the blows of which we shall be powerlessto parry. One is the assumption by the Government of a vast and overwhelmingweight of indebtedness.to he followed by a foreign war. We seete day how difficult it is to restrain and control the peopleof this country in their desireto takejuSTEVENgeance for the wrongs inflicted upon them by England and France. Suppose the powerof this Government was intrusted to the hands of the late slaveholders.the men recently engaged in rebellion. Does any man believe that they are restored to their right mind that theywill givean ardent support to the (I governmentl All the testimony is that they are as alien and hostile to this Government asever and that they only seekan opportunity to strike a deadly blow. "What will besaid of us. not by Ghristian. but by heathen nation 7. if, after accepting the blood and sacrifices of these men. we hurl them from us and allow them to bethe victimsof those who have tyrannized over themfor centuries? I know of no crime that exceeds this: I know of nonethat is its parallel and if this country is true to itself it will rise in the inn esty of its strength and maintain apoliey. here it anywhere. by whichiliorights of colored people shall besecured t rough their own power inpeace the ballot. in war the bayonet." Mr. Senses, in his speech delivered at Wor eiester, Massachusetts, September 14, 1866, says a so: “Irreversible guarantees cannot be obtained by pardons. It is enough to stato this proposition: for all mustseeat oncethatrights will be very uncertain if the have no protectipn except in the gratitude of aponedrebe. A Jail delivery is not a guarantec. Smuaclhignaa bnrteak water would be impotent against.the dogma of Csaer ad.i naWlitMhaoluatriaa.cctchpatting absoutely the morethrough men are governed bone than through gratitude. it is clear that. until security is wen. we cannot afford to part wmiathy any influence or age ey througt which control be established. More is a beautitul preroative. Exercised always with inexpressible delight: at on anidsacoopnt we must guard against ts fiueination. Not in the generous luxury. imperil a whole community. This is yet yclear. A pardon is informan atlslt of grace but in reality a letter of liecnsc. This is a and again: "Therefore. I insist. do not put political trust in that man who hasbeenengagedin warring upon his country. I do not ask his punishment. I would not be harsh. There is nothing liuinaue which I would reject. Nothing in hate. Nothing in vengeance. Nothing in passion. I am for gentleness. I am for a velvet glove; but I wish the hand for awhile of "on. iiorivas. Poisoned springs, Mr. Speaker, are at once the curse of the victim who uses and of the wretch who defiles Gods blessing. The motives of the men who cry war! war! when there is no war; who seek by slander and studied misrepresentation to keep alive the sectional riva ry and anger which a fierce civil strife very naturally may have created; or who seek to revive the causes of bitter and party feeling which gave rise to that civil stride)now Victoriously epded by this Government; or who, from personal hatred to the people of the South for real or imagined wrongs done to themselves, would enlist the bad passions of a whole nation in a policy which may punish the southern people, by fixing such tyrannical and degrading laws as this and the kindred measures put forward under the name of national guarantees; who, while quoting the Word of God, pass acts of the devil are as the poisoned wells, which deal death in secret, and practice revenge in the temple of God. Sir, so base had Italian revenge become in the dark ages that the Pope, vice gerent of God. at his installation drinks not the hol wine until the officiating priest has tasted the c alice. Sir, this spirit of sly and politic revenge is hostile to the spirit and character of a free people. “The gloved hand” which the Republican leader would use conceals a poisoned ring, such as wicked tyrants used to destroy those whom they seemed most to love. Away with this hypocrisy and pretensel Again declare open war, and call out the armies of the republic to fight like brave and free men. Cease poisoning the wells of our national life and the sacred chalice of Christian love. If you will be tyrants, at least be brave and hen est, and do not claim to seek securit. for the nation while laboring for the perpetuity of the Republican party and the perpeTTation of personal revenge. No free people looks calmly on the exercise of tyranny or of an unconstitutional power, even then h administered by its own Government and in the name of its Representatives. The people of the North love liberty and cher ish all the safeguards our fathers threw around it, as embodied in the Constitution. such measures as this and such arguments as I have just quoted belong not to this age and people. They are foreign to the spirit of civil and re ligious liberty. They are feudal, inquisitorial imierial. They belong to the councils of Hero an Caesar, and come not from the teachings of the divine Master. They spring from devilish hate. They rank with the accursed acts of the Pharisee who loosened Barabbas and scourged the Saviour. The thief upon the cross would have died unforgiven and deemed butfor the forgiving spirit of the crucified God. Are they who thus preach hate and erseeution. who try to keep alive the flame of civilWar in the hearts of the people, tit re Representatives of the “ Christian people of the orth 1” Out of their own mouths comes their self condemnation. If they are not hypocrites, they are atheists; if not atheists. then demagogues, and traitors to that Union they have sworn to protect and preserve. nisroav or ran FRHDHKB suusiiu. The 1st bill of this series was introduced, the Gentfrom Massachusetts informs the House, in the 37th Congress, by himself, under the name of “Bureau of Emancipation.” He admits that it was what he calls novel legislation, without. precedent in any nation." It cry naturally the distinguished chair man of the committee who had charge of the bill, Judge White, of Indiana, did not succeed in reportin it for action by the House. The bill entitlet “ An act to establish a Bureau of Freedmens Affairs” was reported from the Senate in the beginning of the 38th congress; but delay and debate seem to have killed the measure and finally a committee of conferenee of both Houses quarreled over the distribution of atronage, being unable to decide whether the iiar Dept or Treasury Dept should have the profits of the scheme. he consequence was, an independent bureau, with a he communicating directly with the President, and resting for its support upon the arm of the War Dept. This bill was also defeated. Another conference committee was chosen, and a bill attaching the bureau to the War Dept, and embracing refugees as well as ireedmen in its terms, was agreed upon and approved March 3, 1865. “ That bill is now the law.” When the bureau was 1st organized it was represented that it would be self sustaining. That representation has proved untrue; and now large appropriations are called for to keep the bureau alive. A scheme introduced under the popularplea of economyis new costing the country from 11 to 28 million dollars per annum, with untold expenses in the future. iow, sir, how did this bureau come to be so costly? 1st, in supporting an army of idle negroes with food, homes, and all the comforts as well as necessaries of life. 2nd ly, by transporting them from point to point at the option of the i orant an improvident negro who might c cess to take a triNonh, East, West, or South. 3rd, by transporting a few white refugees and supplying them with temporary shelter and absolute necessaries of life. Lands, houses, cattle, farm sttflk of every kind, farming implements, guns, powder, shot, libraries, household furniture, liner of every sort were distributed or allowed to the negro slave, while the poor white man was driven from his home and land, to which he had a right and title, that he might become a public pauper and live on the cold charity of the Government, or be transported away from the homestead which he was forced to surrender to the negro. Negroes were brought from distant sections of the country to squat on the lands of loyal white men and in nocent mine rs, widows, and orphans who had nothing to do with the war. Now that the war is over the whites are left to take care of themselves, and the blacks are to receive the ben efits of the bureau. This present bill is to secure the proteetion of Government to the blacks exclusnely. not withstanding the apparent liberality of the measure to all colors and classes. The character of the bill if not the prejudices of race would irevent the white man from degrading himse f to the condition of a public pauper or modern serf of the soil dependent on the Government through the SecyWar. GenlHowards report establishes the fact that the present bureau gave most of its aid exclusively to the negro freedmen. I insert the words of that re with to show the practical effect of the bureau has been exclusively for the negro: whether Mefiuimcensnfrtomm evAesry saorotnofasthtchSeowutahr scolousgehdt. immediatey. to return to t. icir fornier homes. “As early asM ii). I Loyal refugees30 madeprovision as follows. have been driven from their homesiviil. ontheir return. Beprotected from abuse and the calamities of their situation relieved asfar as possible. If destitute.theywill be aided with transportation and food when deemed expedient while in lrumitu, returning to their former homos. “This order wail approved by the President and my requisitions were honored by the quarteriuasters dept. In consequence of abuses it was found necessary subsequently.to restrict the order to cases where humanity evidently demanded the transportation. About 2,000 and 85 whites. men. Women and Ltlliiiltll, was transported from 1866 different portionsof the northern Statesto the Soi ith. Thier work has now nearly ceased.The same principle applied to colored refugees. the totalnumber transported, men, women, and children, is 1,946. The followm tableWill give an idea of the issues. sofar as reporte. for the month of September: consolidaled monthly report of numberof ratio miuued tore upon and freedmen ((Icperuicnli)n the diferent dutriets and States respectively for the month ending September 30 1865. Districts. Yirgiiii;I DistCol. Texss35 35 Louisiana“.imuuri &. r auras. Kentucky dz Tennesseo. Ississip Georgia S. Caroli. Alab Grand totnl. WAR DEPT. Bureau or REFUGEH MF, ain times. oosiio Layne. Novembrrild 1865. Bil: In accordancewith iicrul Orders.No. 145. War Dept. As follows: [GeneralOrders.No. 145.] Win Damn run". An wASsIrINGOaIsUsmN, October 9. 1865. Whereas certain tractsof land situated on the coast of SCarolina. Georgimand Florida. at the time, for the most part vacant. were set a art by Major General W. T. Shermans Special Fiel Order.No. 15, for the benefit of refugees and freedmen thathadbeen congregated by the operations of war or had beenleft to take care of themselves by their former owners; and whereas an expectation was thereby createdthat the? would be able to retain possessionof said lands; an whereas a large numberof the fornier ownersare earnestly soliciting the restoration of the same, and promising to absorbthe labor and care for the freedmen It is ordered. That Major GeneralHoward, Commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands. proceed to the several above named States and endeavorto effectan arrangement mutually satisfactory to the freedmen and the land soawtnisefarsc.t and make report and in casea mutually arrangement ean be effected.he is duly empowered and directed to issue such orders as may become necessary after a full and careful investigation of the interests of the parties concerned. By order of the POTUS: E. D. TOWNSEND. Auiutunl Adiulual General. I proceededto Charleston SCarolina reaching there October 17. After conversing with general Sexton, asst commissioner and with the land owners. I resolvedto gotoBdisto as soon as tbe ple could be convened at some central point. ursday October 1. Accompanied by several officers and the representative of the hdisto planters, Mr. William Whaley. I met the freedmen at e large church on the island. The rumor had the freedmen that blltifldilellchfid I proposed to restoret c lands and evidences of dissatisfaction and sorrow were manifested from everypart of the assembly. I explained what I believed to be the wishes of the President as set forth in his interview with meJust before Washinitnn and as ombodied my instructions above recorded. Tho people ohose a coinmitteo of thme of their number an to them I propositions to which submitted the the land ownerswerewilling to subscribe. The committee said that on no condition would the colored peoplo be willing to work fortheir former owners am oroiI rseei sas before: but. if they could rent the landsof them they would consent in other respectsto arrangements proposed. Some would work for wages.but the general feeling seemedto be that they ought to be allowed to rent the lands. ii unanimous vote. it was agreed that the matter be left to my decision as to whether restoration should be made and as to the conditions. After careful (Unrlllirrtilflll I deemed it advisable to take course as lollows: 1. Constitute a board of supervisors, in which the Government.the planter.nnd the freedmenhad each a representative for the adjustment of contractsand cases of difficulty h land owner was required to sign an obligation, after which the order of restoration was to be issued. Here follow the order, obligation and order of restoration referredto: No refugees reported. l l i H0 or Bars. VAH DEPT. BUREAU or REFUGE and An. oFomzi mnLuAsNx.DS, CHARLESTONS, (3., October 9. 1865. im the daiagteenlyt of this bureau on Edisto Island will take measures to constitutea board of supervisors for the island. to consist of himself and two other citizens one to be selected 1) the land owners or their agents.the 2nd by taresident freedmenor their agents. Hhis board Will aid in making contracts and will adjudicate all difficulties that may arise between the whites and the freedmen, or among the freedmen themselves, extending only to offenses committed in which the penalty does not exceed imprisonment at hard labor for a period of one month or a fine notto exceed 8100. Al other cases of crime will bereferred to cometenteivil or military authority. Shou da olice force be deemed necessary by the board, the ureau agent Will, as heretofore.make requisition upon the military authorities. Appeals from itoh need roere Commission beoroafrtdhteobu 3 naisimsiisityabnot made. Pursuant to instructions from the President: 0. HOWARD, Major General, Commissioner. A. P. KETEHUM aim. 1280. U.s.c.T., and A. 1). a I have the honor to submit this report for the consideration of yourself and the Executive. under whose exressorders I wasacting. this exceedingly difficult toreconcile the conflicting interests now arising With regard to lands that have beenso long in the possession of the Government as those along the coast of SCarolina. Georgia, and Florida. I would recommend that the attentionof Congress be called to thesulnect of this report at asearly a day as possible and Illattltese lands or a part of them, be purchased by the U.S. with a Viewto the rental and subsequent sale to the freedmen. I have the honorto be very respectfully your obe dient servant. O.O. Howard, Major General, (, onumuiuner. Hon. E. M. SrAsros. SecyWar. From these extracts it will plainly be seen that black freedmen and not white refugees were the special care of the bureau. The white refugees were few in number and received no land from the Government. The period duriii which they received and by transportation ended wtth the date of the report, or was re idly doing so. “The supervisors” appointe were not instructed to aid the poor whites of the South, of whose destitute condition we hear so much, and of whose ignorance and semi barbarism gentlemen express such holy horror. rooa wuiriis. Of the cor whites of the southern States, Mr. Spea er, the pee 1c of the whole Union have renon tobe pron. From them as a class, if gentlemen will insist upon making that distinction, have sprung some of the noblest na tures and brightest intellects this country has produced Andrew Jackson, Crawford, Clay, Pettigrew; and AndrewJohnson, the present Chief Magistrate of this Union, has the proud distinction of having risen from the poorest of the 1001"whites to be the ruler of this Union. An. sir, much of his mercy. WtSdOm, and patriotism is to be traced to the sympathy he deeply feels for the poor white man of his own section, as well as for the dpoor and lowly of every section and every bin or race. But to continue With GenlHowards report: lhis bureau, as now established, has been used by land speculators, small traders, and mischievous persons of every sort and phase of fanaticism. to disturb the whole South and put obstacles in the way of the glorious work of reconstruction. GenlHoward says, in his report. now in my hand: "My impression in, that many speculators who desire to clie open the lands. helped on these stories. The freedmen became suddenly vory averse to making any contracts or agreeinent with the prpport holdors for the coming year. hven the oorrection O false reports does not always produce a willingness to enter into contracts. My agents have stnven to disabuse the minds of the freedmen of impressions so detrimental to their interests urging them to seenve places of support, and aiding them to get fair wages. My objoction to the system I have been ohlized to adopt has been ltr tendency to cheek indiiidunity. Not sufficiently encouraging self dependency but in process oftimc, as are erty shall change hands and the larger estates be pron up. the neocmdy for so generaly applying contracts will be obviated. Meanwhile education. unhindered. will work wonders to stimulate individual enterprise. The results of our present system of free labor will appear in my remarks upon each State, and morefully in the reports of the respective asst commissioners." The practical working of the scheme as a means of fixing the negro to anyone place, system, or rate of wages was abortive. Idlcness incurable, a rapacious longingand covetousness for the land on which they had squatted, without any capacity, skill, or will to work it for the general welfare, all up our in the frank and so“ldierly report of GenlHoward. He says: With reard to prices of labor. as I anticipated, experince has shown that it is better to leave them to o “ regulated by the demand. Minimum rates might serve to protect the freedmen in many cases.but in scarcely any place could he have exceeded those rates.after they were once established. By fixing prices for the able bodied, it is impossible to discriminate sufficiently with regard to the differing of skill and ability among that class. the plantation negroes inclined to leave their homes and go to the cities. villages and mili posts.ivithno goodprospect of work or support, I deemed it best to have the agents at those places adopt a system like the ordinary intelligeneo office and use every effort in their power to procure good places wherethe could find support. in whole or in part for those of then came together. ndustrial schools established by benevolent associations, were encouraged to aid in the absorption of“this class of  refugees. Government farms. Under charge of officersof the bureau and those farmsthat had been set apart or allotted. according to the laws have subserved the pa“ ose of absorbing the surplus population. till. however.there were authentic complaints of idleness for which no remedyseemedto exist. I directed that the vagrant lawsof the respeetive States. so fares they applied to whites be extended to freedmen: where this law nut orized corporeal punishment it was modified by the asst commissioner. “The wording of the law establishing this bureau gave rise to the idea that the laudsof disloyal owners would be divided among the freedmen. “Soldiers. colored and white and others.at one time spread and doubt leai nagnitied therame report. till the belief became quite revalent in the interior of ll1"50lllllt!ln State stint t 1! Government intended, at Christmas or NewYears, to effect this division. sou runs