Mr. FARNSWORTH. The civil tribunals they have in fact. I was speaking about legal tribunals. It is certain they have certain governments set up there in fact, which are not derived from any authority given by the law. making power of the Government. In my judgment none of those civil governments are lawful, and it is very certain that they are now in the hands of the rebels. We may as far as we please make use of the agencies which are now in existence in those localities. We may if we see fit allow them still to act in reference to certain matters. And I am convinced of the power of Congress to pass this bill for the purpose of giving them some kind of government. Talk of civil governments' They are not civil governments, but on the contrary are very uncivil. [Laughter.] Now, the object and purpose of this bill on the part of the Congress of the U.S. is to secure the full protection of the persons and property of our own citizens. And the Government that does not do that is not worthy the name of Government. I ask gentlemen to point out any other way in which we can protect the rights of loyal citizens there except by clothing the military with this power. I have iiv.en this subject some thought and attention this Congress, and no man is more anx ious for restoration, reconstruction, or whatever name you may please to call it. I am not disposed to let any theory stand in the way. I do not care whether you call them Territories or States. I do not care whether you call them conquered provinces or disorganized States, but I do care that the great E.of the U.S. under which I live shall enforce protection of the rights of all of its citizens. If any gentleman will point out to me any other mode by which liberty and property will be secured in . those disorganized than that provided for in this measure, I will be glad to hear it. I know of no other method. The military commanders to whom I have alluded say they know of no other method. There is no other method. I repeat, again, if gentlemen can tell me of any other method I should like to hear it. Certainly I have not heard any gentleman upon this floor point out any other. Surely, sir, there has been time enough. We have allowed nearly 2 years to pass, and we find instead of things growing better they are every day growing worse and worse. When the rebellion was ended, when Lee and John son surrendered, for a few months there was comparative peace in the South. The rebels felt subdued so long as the military held power there. They were in a great measure subdued and peaceful, but the moment the policy began to be developed of pardon, restoration, and amnesty and all that, these men began to cree out of the holes where they had skulked. hidden themselves and assumed the airs of braggarts and talked about constitutional rights as if they had any constitutional rights.