Mr. NOELL of Missouri addressed the House. [His remarks will be published in the Appendix;] Speech entitled Government of Insurrectionary States. February 12, 1867. The House having under consideration th bill (H.R.No. 1143) to provide for the more efficien government of the insurrectionary States. Mr. NOELL said: Mr. SpeakER: It is said that liberty dwells in the mountains. Nations which are poor have more patriotism than those which are weathy. The accumulation of wealth begets corrup ion. The mass of the people were always strong enough to vindicate their rights, but the waith of tyrants has always been too strong for a corrupted people. It is said that republics are short lived; “whom the gods love die young.” History bears sad testimony to the incapacity of people to preserve free Governments when they have grown wealthy. Caesar never could have risen to power except upon the bended necks of a people whom he could buy with largess. Noble patricians feasted on nightingales' tongues and oppressed the poor of the once proud Roman republic. When the 2 great tribunes, Tibe rius and Caius Gracchus, called upon the people to strike for their rights, they were murdered by popular mobs incited by patrician largess. The Constitution of the U.S. was a patriotic reaction against the tyranny of George H. Our forefathers lived in a wilderness and had among them no upper ten to corrupt the lower million. But now no man can sustain himself as a popular leader unless he seeks to promote some private interest at the expense of the general welfare. The Constitution which cost such sacrifice is to be destroyed. We are to forget the lesson taught us by the sufferings of our forefathers. We are to abandon a free Government and retrace our steps through the blood of the late rebellion to a commercial despotism. The whole theory of the Government is to be changed. Governments do not derive their powers from the consent of the governed. Its powers are delegated by the all lowerful military arm of a central despotism. The military is no longer to be subordinate to the civil, but armed provost marshals, with shining shoulder straps, with pistols and sabers girded on their waists, are to invade the sacred precincts of justice, and before their unlimited power the vanquished citizens of ten States of this Union are to stand with hats off to await whatever the caprice of a martinet may inflict upon them. Hitherto the meanest felon in the land or the most helpless citizen was guarantied the benefits of the Constitution of the U.S. The infant child's property could not be taken in violation of the Constitution. The man who had murdered his mother, his wife, or his child could still appeal to the Constitution of the U.S., and wo to those who denied him its benefits But the Constitution is now swept away by the unwritten constitution of mob law. minorities have no rights. Congress wishes to make Grant President, and with his approbation he is 1st constituted military dictator. Henceforth in our political conflicts the spec ters of Marius and Sylla will rise in our midst. Waevictis is our motto. It was a sublime sight to see a million brave men rally to the call of the President of the Republic, to see a million strong arms raised in solemn oath to do battle for the Constitution, to see a million republican soldiers fighting and falling for the liberties of our common country; for the liberties even of the enemies ranged breast to breast and muzzle to muzzle against them. Our soldiers did their duty nobly, and their days of battle are over. Now we have a new war—the war of the politicians. Water. loo had its Thenardier. There are followers to every army, who prowl about and rob the bodies of the dead. But their offense is small compared to the crime of those who rob a nation's fallen patriots of their honor and fame. We were suddenly informed that these sister States were dead. The nation looked at the distinguished Gentfrom Pennsylvania [Mr. STEvex's] to know what big joke he was getting off, for he perpetrates huge grim jokes frequently. It was a joke on GreatBritain when Cromwell was made Protector; it was a joke on France when the uncle and the nephew were succinctly constituted consul and president of that republic.; but this was the grimmest joko that was ever perpetrated on the world.” It made even the iron men laugh; it was enough to make a horse laugh I No doubt the lean, starved, spavined, army horses which had worn themselves to bony skeletons dragging around artillery and bag gage wagons in the war for the Union rubbed their noses against each other's visible ribs and said in their horse dialect, “That's a big joke on us!” Dead! Ay, there’s the rub: “For in that sleepof death what dreamsmay come” of golden visions and of mighty fortunes! Dead was the word. The Gentfrom Pennsylvania said “dead.” The distinguished Gentfrom Indiana, [Mr. Col.FAx, ] who presides so worthily over this House, said dead, and all Hoosierdom echoed the word. Members from Illinois said dead, and the Suckers of that State wiggled their tails with joy at the discovery. The peal of dead States went out from the Alleghanies and reverber ated from the Rocky mountains. The people rubbed their eyes in surprise. My distinguished colleague from StLouis asked, “When did they die?” “ Humph 1” you replied, “they have been dead all the time.” Imagine the surprise of the venerable Rip Van Winkle when he came down from the Catskill and was informed that his old chums Frank Stein and Nick Wetter had been dead and buried and rotten for 15 years, and you will have some idea of our astonishment when we were gravely informed that these States had been dead 4 years. This was the end of that sublime farce in which 2 million men had been the actors and the world the audience. It was but to consum mate a scheme of northern Machiavellism that we went to war. The old flag which floated in the skies above the smoke of every battle field, with every star bright upon its folds; the old flag which floated upon every sea and glad dened the heart of the American citizen every where; the old flag under which brave men fought and died; which was wrapped around their dead bodies by their comrades in arms as a sacred winding sheet, was all a flaunting lie! Ah, when the Gentfrom Pennsylvania perpetrated that joke it was enough to convulse i. Goddess of Liberty with dying laughter, and shake her from her pedestal above this Capitol. An American poet, sitting amid the ruins of the palace of the Caesars, and looking back through the dim vista of past ages, had a vision. The ruined palace sprung up and was repeopled, and he found himself in an enchanted ball room, surrounded by people engaged in joyous revelry — “Full of youth and grace and beauty, flaunting plumesand purple palls, Robeeosroofnaglosl;d and silver tissue, jeweled stars and Perfumed airs and flamingcandles, peals of laughter, " mirth, and song, Meo, music, dizzy dancers, floating dreamily arong; Some in gay saloons were feasting, someat gaming tables strove, While ndawlohnigsptehreedtelorvraeced gardens others walked But, with the fitful caprice of all dreams, the dancers were all suddenly transformed — "Hidecooursridsoprescatenrds, haglrli!m and ghastly, filled the Guests and servants and musicians, hideous specters Yweere tohey atrla lnformation seemed nohi nd’ range o the Da Stillwathgegebdand made merry music, grinned and their skulls about. Bearing salvers and refreshments ghosts went gliding in Whirling on and out. in 'wildering waltzes went the dancers Each clohsise beomnbyraacremd, entwining round his partner's fleshless waist. Bony, feet in circles blending, fleshless fingers.interlaced; Stilljesthteedy feasted, still they flirted, laughed, and as before: Plumsteilsl athnedycworoornea.”ls and chaplets, stars and crosses If these States be dead, why, then let us cut loose from them. If they are united to us as closely as the Siamese twins are to each other, there is the more necessity for dissolving this monstrous connection of the living and the dead. Professor Galvani, who invented the electro magnetic battery, thought he had discovered the elixir of life. When his grand father died he is said to have expressed joy, for now he could bring him to life and restore him to a more healthy state than before his death. He applied the poles of the battery to his grandfather's legs and the old gentleman's corpse sprung upon its feet. He applied it to his face and the corpsegrinned. He applied it to his arm, and the galvanized corpse knocked the professor down and fell down itself. The professor buried his grandfather's corpse, and tried no more experiments on dead men. It is a lamentable fact in human transactions that neither Governments nor parties are impelled to do any act for the sake of justice oroIf an idea is advanced which is not coupled with an interest or penalty, it is regarded as a theoretical dream and laughed at. Heaven tempts the selfish saint to virtue, and hell drives the wicked from vice. Take away Heaven and hell and you would find a Socrates now and then—probably with the liver complaint. In England, when government was secured permanently, the land interest controlled it. The landholders were the aristocratic few and could combine to build up that interest at the expense of the other interests of society. They passed laws giving bounty for the exportation of corn and prohibiting its importation. This increased the price of corn and gave large profits to the landholder. When the manufacturers grew strong enough to vindicate their interests in Parliament the corn laws were swept from the statute book. From the foundation of the General Government of the U.S. there were 2 general interests contending for supremacy in the national councils: the manufacturing and the agricultural. The manufacturers lived in a cold climate, which made them vigorous, active, and persistent. The blue eyed northman has always borne down the swarthy southron. If the people of SCarolina were Connecticut clock peddlers that State would have been in the Union on her own terms long ago. The soil of the manufacturing districts is sterile, and it is “root hog or die” with the inhabitants. [Laughter.] This produces a thrifty people. It is said that a Yankee baby once.in his cradle and rolled his eyes around till he invented a new back action rocker, for which he took out a patent as soon as he was old enough to talk. "[Laughter.] The influence of circumstances in producing ideas of thrift is forcibly f in Kansas. It is said that boys ten years of age sit round on the street corners of Leavenworth City late in the night smoking cigars and making plans for jayhawking in Missouri.; The manufacturers had a definite increase to gain by tariffs. If the tariff on iron is raised one cent a pound it is equal to raising the price of all iron on hand 2 cents per pound. The tariffs only affect the farmer indirectly and in a manner not noticeable, like rat holes in a barn floor. He finds his plows cost more and his wagons and all the implements of hus bandry, but he never traces this back to its eause, but pays out his whole profits in little dribs without asking a question. If the amount he pays thus were footed up at the end of the year, and he were asked to plank it down in one pile, no farmer would suffer the imposition. The manufacturers were the few capitalists, and could combine; the farmers are the many, scattered abroad over the whole country. A combination and active exertion of influence is the great source of strength to any measure. What is everybody's business is nobody's business. The farmers do not form combinations to vindicate their own interests; they do not desire to take any advantage over any other class of persons, consequently they have no organization and plan to set their claims before the country. The fewest number take the pains even to think for themselves. A farmer reads an agricult ural paper, and perhaps a political partisan paper which some politician has advised him to subscribe for. The agricultural paper commands his earnest thought, for it relates to his business, and he must test every statement in it before he believes it; but the partisan paper does his political thinking, and he does not give himself the trouble to weigh its statements in the light of probability or reason. As I was traveling through my district I noticed a curious circumstance. wi. found a house standing which had been built before the war, (in many localities all were burned by troops on one side or the other,) I saw remnants of old newspapers pasted on the walls. I could almost infallibly tell from the character of these paper remnants what had been the sympathy and action of the family during the war. The papers had done their thinking and instilled into their hearts loyalty or disloyalty. What a sad thing to reflect upon, that good men should be shot, their mothers or children driven from home, and their houses burned and property destroyed, all on account of the accident of having subscribed for a news paper. This ought to be a warning to all persons never to take a paper. [Laughter.] The prospect of a definite gain, or the fear of a definite loss, will stir up any class to unusual labors. Take the tariff on iron; the cost of plows, shovels, hoes, wagons, wheelbarrows, axes, cutlery, and everything most useful to farmers is doubled. It is the same case with thrashing machines and the engines and gearing of mills. The price of railroad iron is raised so much that the building of a railroad is a most herculean task. Several railroads have been projected in southeast Missouri, and every natural inducement exists for their completion; but they can never be built at the present cost of railroad iron. The cost of steam boat building makes the freight of farmers' produce enormous. The cost of ship building, owing to high tariffs, has become so enormous that American vessels are driven from the ocean and foreign vessels do our carrying trade. The vessels which carry American prod uce to foreign markets are built upon the Clyde and the Tyne. Our tariffs compel us to patronize the ship builders who launched the Alabama. Instead of being a 1st rate Power, we are not even a 3rd rate Power upon the high seas. Out upon the trackless waste of the world’s waters the ocean wayfarer seldom meets the stars and stripes. A great deal of sympathy is expended here upon that hybrid race of mixed breed Spaniards, Indians, and negroes, known by the generic name of greasers, headed by a mongrel president; a nation of revolutionists whose daily murders are enough to appall mankind; but we have no blush of shame tingling our cheeks at the humiliation of the U.S. in foreign commerce. The godfish aristocracy had bounties for fishing in order to build up a navy; even then they loved bounties. But I digress. I was speaking of the power of combination and legislative influence, of the eapitalists and manufacturers. From the causes I have mentioned there was every pros pect that centralization would be the theory of our Government in the beginning. The Hamiltonian idea was undoubtedly stronger than the Jeffersonian. The power of combination; the definite gains of special interests and in definite loss of the general interests; the active influence of the capital of manufacturers in collecting statistics and lobbying bills through by bargains with other special interests, all seemed to give the manufacturers an easy victory. But Whitney invented a cotton gin; slavery became profitable, the planters of the South grew into an agricultural aristocracy. Free labor was crushed out because it could not stand competition with a class of laborers who worked for their victuals and clothes. Small plantations were overshadowed because the planters of large plantations could undersell the small. The man who must make enough ". from the labor of 5 hands to support is family cannot sell as cheaply as one who makes the support of his family from the profits of 100 laborers' wages. The large plantations gradually extinguish the small. The planter bought more negroes to work more land to buy more negroes. As his profits increased his lands spread out, his fortune was like a pyra mid, continually rising in height and contin ually broadening at the base. Planting was the most profitable channel capital could find, and the planter had no money to invest in stocks or manufactures; all the wealth of the community was absorbed in this investment. The rich became richer and the poor became poorer. The planter was independent of the andicraft of his neighbors; he needed nothing of domestic manufacture but a few coarse fab rics for his slaves. His household consumed silks, wines, and other foreign luxuries. Betweenthe rich and the poor there was a complete social disintegration; even negroes boasted of the number of slaves owned by their masters, and a poor man's slave could not pass muster for respectability. Thus was aristocracy built up in the South. Slavery did the same thing in the Roman republic. Prior to the fall of Carthage slaves were used only as household menials; the lands of the republic were parceled out; each Roman cultivated his little farm with his own hands. After the fall of Carthage the Roman Senate, moved by the invectives of Cato and influenced by the hatred of the people toward the ancient enemy, who had but lately swept like a simoon of wrath over Italy, decreed that the inhabitants of Carthage and her allied cities in Greece should be sold into slavery. The devastations of Hannibal had made corn scarce. The Carthagenian slaves were sold into Sicily and used by the planters in the cultivation of corn. This was the 1st time that slaves had been used as agricultural laborers in the Roman republic. Mark the consequence. The scarcity and high price of corn made slavery profitable; soon every farmer purchased all the slaves he could to assist him in cultivating land. All the lands of the people, and the immense public domain were en by wealthy planters. Every conquerer rought home a train of slaves to grace his triumphal car. Caesar brought half a million from Gaul. Slave traders penetrated to lands where the Roman eagles never perched. The Eternal City become a slave market. There might be seen in the same mart the voluptuous Syrian and the shaggy Siberian, the black skinned Ethiopian and the cultivated Cartha: {. the savage Bushman and the refined?reek, all for sale. became very wealthy, and the poor became doubly poor. Some of the Romans owned as many as 20,000 slaves each. A bloated aristocracy sat like an incubus upon the Roman people. The latter were oppressed with all the burdens of the Government, and frequently seized by the planters and held as slaves. There was no redress, for there was The successful planters. no habeascorpus in those days. Abject poverty induced many of the poorer class to sell themselves into slavery. When a noble patrician feasts on nightingales' tongues his epicureanism presupposes 1000 plebeians starving for bread. So slavery has always produced aristocracy. In the South the capital increased, and the aristocrats increased in fortune and diminished in number. The great planters were not too many to combine for if. own protection. Their property in slaves were in danger of aggression from the central Government, so they upheld the doctrine of States, rights. Their interests were agricultural; and all they asked of the central Government was to be let alone. Thus slavery appealed to the shibboleth of States rights, and confronted the aggressive centralization of the manufacturers. The Republican party, under one name or another, has always secretly upheld the doctrine of prohibitory tariff and strong central Government, coupled with ideas of internal improve ment; but in 1856, in Freemont's platform, the doctrine was boldly proclaimed. That same year Buchanan’s Cincinnati platform declared that it was a usurpation of power in the federal Government to build up special interests at the expense of the general interests. Buchanan beat Freemont, distanced him, for the agricultural sections were alive to their own interests. In 1860 Mr. Lincoln's platform contained the doctrine of prohibitory tariff, and the plat forms of Douglas and Breckinridge both condemned the doctrine that manufactures should be fostered at the expense of agriculture; but in 1860 the fire eaters of the South played smash, nominated Breckinridge, and elected Mr. Lincoln. As long as the Democratic party held together nothing could defeat it. The conflict was waged like all conflicts, political and military, by the few against the few, the slave holder against the manufacturer, the aristocrats South against the aristrocrats North, Greek against Greek. The planters would always have beaten the manufacturers, because land cultivation embraces more voters than manufacturing. But now the aristocracy of the South has been humbled, the corner stone of the confederacy has been dashed to pieces like a potter's vessel. The farmers scattered abroad over the land can concert no plans to protect themselves from the aggression of the northern aristocracy of capitalists and manufacturers. Henceforth there is no power that can resist these northern vampires which batten upon the corruptions of the central Government. The Democracy has — “Dropt from her nervelessgraspthe shatteredspear, Closedher bright eye, and curbedher high career.” The Gentfrom Pennsylvania [Mr. KEL LEY] can well afford to exult at the helpless condition of the farming interests and avow the ". of the Radical party to lay such heavy burdens of taxation and commercial restrictions upon them that the farmer boys of the West o be driven from their father's homesteads to seek positions as laborers in the factories of manufacturing nabobs in the East. I thank him for the bold avowal of the intention to legislate in Congress so as to diminish the number of farmers and increase the number of manufacturers. If he did not let the cat out of the bag he let her tail through the loop hole when he acknowledged that purpose. Farmers cannot gather statistics, employ lobby men, pay newspapers, keep.discipline, or even take measures to inform themselves of the wrongs perpetrated against them. They are superior in strength of numbers, but pow erless because of their want of unity. “This gloom dispel, the light of heaven restore, Let me but seeand Ajax asks no more.” When the southern representatives with drew from Congress the manufacturers had a high old time. Tariffs were increased several 100%. on manufactures of iron. The Gentfrom Pennsylvania [Mr. (EL LEY] eloquently described the o'sros perity and quickened industry in the N orth during the war. The capitalists of the North grew rich. He hired a foreign substitute to fight for the flag of his country, or per lars bought a contraband substitute. I am told that negroes were shipped from Nashville, Tennessee, and sold in Cincinnati, Ohic, at $1,000 apiece. Northern negro traders re tired after the war with princely fortunes and with glorious reputations for loyalty. There was no war in the North, (except against:op perheads and peace sneaks.) All went merry as a marriage bell; things went on swimmir gly. But the rebellion collapsed Lee and John ston surrendered; tidings of peace flew over the land on the swift wings of the lightning; a cry of joy was heard from a patriotic people; but the tidings came upon these thriving speculators like a fire bell in the night. The South laid down her arms on the terms of Lincoln's policy? the southern States to resume their relations with the Government? southern congressmen to vote with the representatives of western farmers? the old Urion to be restored, and the farmers no longer to pay tribute to the capitalists?, Too bad, too ad! Some means must be devised to exclude these States from the Union. AndrewJohnson is President; urge him to abandon Mr. Lincoln's policy and hold these States; as military provinces. But Johnson will not accept the dictatorship. He at least was thor oughly in earnest in this struggle to save the Union. He spurns the kingly power which is offered him, and avows himself the tribune of the people. If he could only be bent to yield to the demands of the loyal bankers and loyal manufacturers and loyal ironmongers, and break up this Union and establish their schemes forever; if he would only wink at Congress the thing could be done. But he will not bend. His square old back is not made of bending stuff. He will not even wink at Congress. He stood like a rock upon the firm base of his own strong convictions when the strong billows of secession lashed around him. He will not swerve from that conviction now, not even so much as bat his eye. The slimy things upon the sea of corruption crawled around him and licked his hands and licked his feet, and would have licked him elsewhere; but when they found his stern, inflexible purpose to do right they crawled away and hissed at him, and they determined to sting him to the death. During the war a northern aristocracy had grown strong. It had money, and consequently social influence. Did you ever reflect that the non-slave owners of the South, whose interests were diametrically opposed to slavery, were stronger supporters of that institution and more hostile to free soilism than the slave owners? Where abolitionists have been mobbed in the South the mobs were incited by and composed mainly of non-slaveholders. This is a curious and instructive fact. The passions and senti ments of the upper class are reflected in the lower class, and increase in intensity by the reflection. The clansmen of Scotland hated each other more inveterately than their plaided chiefs. The influence of the moneyed aristoc racy was plainly seen in the North in the last election. What was the effect of the tariff laws? It excluded foreign goods. This compelled farmers to purchase of manufacturing monopolies at higher prices, thus paying them tribute. It excluded grain growers from the European market, for we cannot sell where we cannot buy. It diminished the revenues at the cus tom house, for if goods are not imported they pay no custom duties. By diminishing this revenue the deficiency had to be made from taxes on the land interests, where it all falls at last. But farmers voted for these radical tariffs. E The national banks are an immense moneyed aristocracy. The banker purchases $100,000 worth of U.S. bonds and puts them in his vaults; he draws the interest on them twice a year; he pays no taxes on his invest ment; he issues and uses and gets interest on $90,000 worth of currency; the U.S. pays for printing and issuing the currency; thus he draws a double interest on his invest ment, pays no taxes, has his banking expenses paid, and sends out upon the country a rotten currency which is not legal money to pay debts. The national bonds exercise a large influence in society. They are held mostly by capitalists of the eastern States and of Europe. In missouri the people were plundered so during the war that they had no money to invest in these profitable, untaxable stocks. That is why we must use test oaths to keep loyal. If property taken by the Army had been paid for in missouri as punctually as it was in Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania, we would have more money and more bonds among us, and would consequently be more loyal. If you had given to our 10,000 State volunteers the same bounty that you gave to volunteers from other States we would have had more money in every community and would have been more wealthy. You raise your taxes from Missouri, and you draw all the money, which if circulated in the community would increase the labor of wages. You take it out of the State by taxes and pour it into the hands of eastern bond holders, and you refuse to give our soldiers their bounty. If they had been negroes they would have received bounty. Here an idea strikes me concerning the future loyalty of the South. Slavery having aggregated the lands of the South into large plantations, that institution being destroyed, these lands will have to be sold out into small farms suited to free labor. When the planter sells he must invest his money; there is but little prospect of manufactories in the South for 50 years. There is no profitable invest.ment in the South. His own interest will lead the planter to invest in U.S. stocks, that being the best investment in the U.S., and in its character resembles a local investment, because the interest may be drawn in any locality. I believe a man does not have to take the oath before he can buy a bond. Once bond holder, these planters will be more “loyal” than the now bond holding negroes. I will bet 2 to one that the 1st repudiation ist elected to Congress from the South will be elected by the negroes. Who will take the bet? These national bonds drain the wealth of the country from the poverty stricken localities and pour it into the laps of wealthy communities. It is an aristocracy holding millions of property exempt from taxation. What produced the French revolution? It was the wealthy, who had purchased patents of nobility, which exempted their property from taxation, thus increasing the burdens of the poor. When the Roman armies went to war they passed out through the gates of Janus. The temple of Janus was surmounted by the statue of that god who had 2 faces looking in oppo site directions. Janus was one of those pagan. who, having eyes, saw not, and having ears eard not; but he was a marvelously proper emblem of the two faced idea which sent an army forth to war. He was a fit emblem of the divinity which shapes our ends in war. There is always the idea of the fighting class and the idea of the class which reaps the benefits of the conflict. The conflict which we have just gone through was on both sides a rich man's war and a poor man's fight. The soldier, under a generous impulse, throws himself into the ranks and becomes food for powder; but the power behind the throne iso cold plotting speculator. At the South we see 2 passions in harmony, the selfish interest and pride of the aristocrat and the devotion of the people to their native States. In the loyal Army we see the 2 passions combined, namely, the patriotism of the people and the commercial ideas of the North. Old Ezekiel, walking down by the river Chebar and gazing with clear vision into the blue ether, saw a large wheel revolving and rising up and going down, and looking closely at it saw a smaller, wheel inside, and the small wheel controlled the large one. It would not much of political clairvoyance to see in the war for the Union a wheel within a wheel; and the lesser wheel, which controls the greater, has its center at the “hub of the universe.” When a call was made for troops patriotism was aroused; but a class who remained at home gave or withheld their “moral support, ” according to the policy that was pursued. I saw 5,000 people at Indian apolis in 1862 resolve with, explosive enthu siasm that they would contribute no more men nor money to the war unless Lincoln emancipated the negroes. You do not suppose that this idea was original with the Hoosiers. When Mr. Lincoln was coming to the capital in February, 1861, to be inaugurated, he made speeches to the people in several places. At Independence Hall, in Philadelphia, he addressed the people. He. } the old flag and called upon the people to stand by him in the great crisis which was coming and be true to their patriotic instincts. Here in this Hall the DeclarIndep had been signed and the people felt impressed with awe, and felt as if the spirits of our forefathers, who had staked their lives and fortunes for our freedom in 1776, were hovering over them. It was a time when the voice of faction was hushed oall good people by the dread of into calamity.