Mr. MCDOUGALL. Mr. President, the question now is, whether everybody shall be protected in building and working marble, or whether we shall all be protected ourselves. In that iies the whole problem. We hear now persons constantly asking for protection, from Salem, for instance, from Boston, from Lynn, wanting something about the introduction of coal from the Provinces and a duty on wool. Wool came 1st. The 1st question of wool was from the State of the Senfrom Wer mont, where they made 1st the whole question about protection. It comes now from some parts of the West, and at last we have got to have wheat protected, and lumber protected, and we here talk about the difference between whitewood and basswood, but without understanding their distinction, as if pine were of the same family. It all amounts simply to this: that all of us in our great country, bor dered by the seas and the great lakes, from every locality are looking constantly and continually after our own little local interests. Sir, if we cannot avoid that and lay the base of our system upon the revenue and the needs of the Government with regard to equality, East, West, North, and South, over this great continent, we cannot last. I did not have the opportunity to exPress my views about the matter when I had to change my vote yesterday. I misunderstood the pending question about the introduction of coal from the Provinces here, to promote industrial operations in NewEngland, as against all the people of the U.S. We have coal and iron and all those things in the mountains and in the valleys throughout the country where I inhabit. But my people ask no protection: they protect themselves. The objection to all these measures that are multiplied upon us until they are almost infinite is that they make us a diverse people instead of being one people. If an interest grows up in RhdIsland connected with the reeling of cotton it must be specially attended to by the Sens&Reps from that State, and so throughout the country. I believe my friendfrom Ohio [Mr. SHERMAN] has not asked for protection upon pork, at least not that I remember; but there are gentlemen here asking for the protection of wheat. Suppose that I should ask that gold should be protected in its production, or silver, or copper, or any of the results of our great mining interests, or any of those things that are being now developed on the Pacific coast; what would be thought of it? I should be laughed to scorn; I should not get the approbation of even a small minority; and yet P.the same right to ask that the laborers, in the mines of a West, Colorado, Dakota, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and California, my own State, should be protected, and that interest is more worthy of protection on account of the internal economy and according to the true rules of conducting a Government that wants a mone basis for its circulation. This interest is entitled, I will not say to protection, but to promotion, and in any State in Europe would be aided, not protected, advanced by the Government. Those interested in these pursuits have never asked protection. All they have asked is not to be crowded with impositions. Sir, until we go back to a system of legislation that shall treat North and South and East and West upon the same cardinal principle of equality we shall never have recovered our former status, and shall not be in as healthy a condition as when we passed the tariff law of 1846. My constituents seek no legislation for protection; but if there is any part of the continent of North America that might ask for it with justice it is a people who have developed the wealth that has built your palatial residences in NewYork, Newport, Boston, and elsewhere. But, sir, they have asked nothing; they have rendered their labor and sent you gold. I am satisfied that the chairman of the ComFinance is endeavoring to conduct business properly, but I wish we might get back to some basis governed by a systematic o.licy.