Mr. GRINNELL. Mr. Chairman, I shall hereafter, when the opportunity arises, offer the following amendment: Add at the end of the 3rd section the following: On wool ten centsperpound, and 10%. admlorem cleansed.25 centsperpound; and on shoddy or mango. 50 centsperpound. Mr. Chairman, the national pulse hasafeverish throb. Rumors of conspiracies against our national credit pass from city to city with the speed of lightning. The alliance of any party with our foreign enemies was thoughtto be impotent for mischief while carrying a debt to be honor ably discharged by a tariff and internalrevenue tax. We have rested in a delusion. Foreign emissaries, taking advantage of glnted grain markets, since a mighty army of men and horses are disbanded, BIN the high price of fabrics woven with dear labor, and from cotton many times its usual price, are perambulating the Northwest, organizing free trade leagues, with exclamations on the rumors of rich dividends on manufacturing stocks, and scattering their tracts thick as autumnal leaves in the forest, and are liOpetiil of early results. It is section against section, occupation against occupation. The national league is officered mostsngaciously with an array of high sounding names, and in the back ground are the sinews of this foreign wars fare, controlled by agents apt in combinations, who have, by the enlistment of newspapers, adopted 1/2 of their freetrade maxim, namely, “ to buy where you can buy the cheapest.” We are carried back to that well established fact in our legislation, that subscriptions were made in Manchester and Glasgow of $60,000, and in all not less than $1,000,000 were s at of British money to break down our tariin 1846. This was deemed a wise investment if but 1%. was made on their exportations, and since they sold more than 100million dollars worth of goods:1 yezg to us following 1840than the 5 years receding, the return was most satisfactory. how much more temptin is the prize now! We have added ten millions to our people and from 4 million things have made men with the wants of civilization. Hungry war for years has de voured our substance, and fratricidal strife and slaughter has lessened our usual production, yet we have a surplus of 50,000,000 bushels of wheat and 200,000.000 bushels of corn waitin for purchasers. An annual importation o $370,000,000 in value of goods fails to glut the market, and our bonds, by the worlds judgment better than consols. can be had for 65 cents on a dollar by a gold standard; and so stands our national balance sheet. that after exporting all our gold and the same amount of domestic products the present year as the last, that to protect our bonds and corporate indebt edness $200,000,000 in value of our bonds would be required. Nowonder that we tempt the spirit of perfidy and cupidity which. like birds of evil omen during war, hovering, waited for our national annihilation. I have before me aletter of recent date from one of our distin uished citizens now in london, from which read the following: “The idea of supplying our markets is uppermost in their minds. hEir iron works are vastly extended one establishment covering near 20 acres of land. They have no idea that we haves right to do anything but raise the raw material and send it "I to themto beworked. wish every American could hear these British talk free trade. They fairly hateus becauseWehave a tariff. A memberof oneof the largest manufacturing firms in GreatBritain said they would have our taritfreduced this sessionof Congress. They think Monuiu. ought to be hung instead of Jeff. Davis z very high compliment." Our consul at Liverpool warns us that great efforts will now be made by English capital ists apd manufacturers to induce us to reduce our tariff and permit them todo all our manufacturing. “ here will be a terrible pressure put on t ie Government. Thisis the language of the London Mining Journal: “The formal constitution of a free trade longs in the U.S. is a very hopeful sign. The representativesfrom the South are almost sure to vote for it and itwillbestrangeifthoWestdoes not. Should these anticipnlions prove true. we may expectant! larire trade with that country." But on home testimony this suspense is not to be of long continuance. An Officer Of the league, author of the “ Buckeye Abroad, " and of “Eight Years in Congress, ” who made in this House a strange commingling of figures and fiction, takes u the prophetical ofice in his book of speeches, and announces prefatorily that “ before 1868. agriculture and commerce, labor of all kinds, consumers of every degree, will join in a new Bund to nes cue famishing toil from fiscal tyranny.” such is the strain prophetic taken up by that Sam uel who has not perished between the temple of freedom and the altar of sacrifice. such are the emissaries who would destroy our domes tic industry and give England a market worth more than the trade of her colonies and the Indies. Stern justice is the most we owe to that country, and before asking us to accept of the selfish theories of her economists and bribes of her agents let her make apologies that in the drear night of our war.she raised slave driving traitors to the dignity and power of belligerents. Let her atone for masked neu trality compounded with the crimes of pirates, when her honored citizens furnished ca ital for the fitting out of the Alabamas and henan doahs to sweep our commerce from the ocean, and meet our claims of millions of dollars lost on the oceans, with which that Government is chargeable, then we may COHSlClGIthe question of “famishin toil, ” and whether it shall be our policy to degrade and oppress labor to the foreign standar or invite the skilled artisans of the Old World to the comfort and compe tence to be found in the New. the question of our national independence and readiness to meet any domestic war or foreign invasion I leave to be decided by the following reflection, which needs no comment, being both a financial lesson and a political caution and warning: Icosouv raou ax EX BIBBL. A sagacious rebel general recently remarked, “We made 2 great mistakes. Had we nvoided them weshould have conquered you. the 1st was that we did not substantially destroy the protective features of the tariff in the winter sessionof 1857 58 by an act which provided it rapid annual sliding scale to free trade. As a Democratic measure, we could have passedsuch a law and held it tight on you till it had closed the furnaces, workshops, woolen and cotton mills and steel and bar and iron works of the whole North and West and scattered our workmen over the rairies and Territories. When the war was ready or you you wouldnt have been ready for the war. You could not have armed and equipped and put in the field a large army, nor built a navy. You would have been without supplies, machinery, and workmen and you would have been without money and eredit. Our2nd mistake was in withdrawing our Sens&Reps fvrootme, your Conercss. Had we left themthere, their combined with the northern Democratic.would have thwarted every military and financial measure necessary to enableyou to carry on the war for a sufflcient length oftime to have enabled us to seizethe Government occupy some of your States. obtain recognition abroad and dictate hard terms to you. How the we blundered in these 2 respectsI cant understand, exceptupon the hypothesis of an overruling Providence." He who now, under the guise of friendship for labor, proliers free trade or even a reduction of our tariff, save to make it equal, and shouts “Monopoly!” to decry our manufactures, strikes at our infantentorprises, builds up mighty rivals, and deserves exceration. I venture a reply, and propose to 1. Examine the charge of monopoly. 2. The theory and practical results of free trade. 3. The true policy and Just demands of the agricultural interests of the Northwest. iroivorctv. Monopoly is a most convenient term of reproach on the lips of free traderslwho find it more convenient to excite prejudice than to answer arguments, it meaning exclusive advan tages or control by production or sale. It is easy to prove that tree trade tends directly to establish a foreign monopoly, while protection will distribute the benefits of trade and production at home. A hundred years of direct and indirect protection, by the British Government, of t cir manufactures, has brought togetherwell skilled labor, and making an alliance with amoneyed power has secured colossal fortunes which at the 1st opportunity would be launched upon infant enterprises, paying larger interest for money and meeting heavy internal taxes, alid without governmental protection. GreatBritain has had a long experience. She controls her own markets, and has the power to combine lier merchants, ship masters, and capitalists to break down any rivals. She has nothing to fear from unfriendly legislation, and experience has given a technical and business skill which sways a capital that will forcgo returns today, if on the depression or ruin 3f our industry she can in the future dictate prices to her rival as in the past. The power of capital entices the strong and controls the weak. In the language of Edmund Burke, “The large capitals Of GreatBritain are the great instruments of warfare against the competing capital of foreign countries, and are the most essential instruments now remaining by which the supremacyof our manufactures can be maintaiue.” Our labor costs 30%. more than hers, and cash capital is 50%. dearer; but by protection our workmen became so far skilled, and aid to such an accumulation of capital by skillful management that certain articles are made cheaperhere than in any other country. There are, of this class, printin presses, sewing machines, India rubber go s, reaping and mowing machines, forks, hoes, axes, shovels, cut nails, combs, tacks, and clocks. Who believes that if GreatBritain alone manufactured these or ticles that they would be as chca as now when we can defy her competition in the markets of the world? Repeatedly has she broken down rivals to control the markets, and nothing is plainer than this, that the spirit which forbade the colonies to manufacture before the Revolution, and has used the power of genteel bribery to break down our tarill, was to establish a foreign monopoly, whose establishment could be measured by the dependence of labor and their regard for us by the prospect of national destruction. lf, then, tariffs create a monopoly, it is one in which the Government and the whole people have an interest, furnishing articles for taxation and giving scope for enterprise and diver sifying labor, establishing indeiendence and thrift by those methodsapprovet in the history of the strongest and wisest Governments of earth. It is our 1st duty to secure to the nation those privileges to which the endowments of nature give titlei to discriminate against another Government is to invite labor on our own soil to be better paid, and where the citizen may find a fair field for his industry and skill. Is it then the monopoly oftrade or a section? Not at all. He may at his option work in leather, at the forge, in the cotton or woolen mill, whether a citizen of Maine or Iowa. There are no special permits for the purchase of cotton or wool or leather. Water power, from the Merrimac to the Missouri. can be obtained for a trivial sum. In Pennsylvania, coal lands by the acre can be bought at the rate of one mill a bushel for coal in the mines; and iron are at one enny a ton. The untold mineral wealth of Take Superior and the iron mountains of missouriare awaiting purchasers at nominal figures. From the meetin of the turbid waters of the Missouriwith the Mississippi, up to the leaping Minnehaha, there is water power, virtually free, sufficient to weave clothing for all the people on the globe, and coal sufficient in theState of Iowa alone, by the testimony of geology, for domestic and manufacturing purposes to meet the wants of all civilized nations, which can be bought at the price of a NewJerse peach orchard or a NewEngland posture by t ic acre. Where is the manufacturing monopoly? Capital from abroad and skilled labor are more than welcome. The protection of law, national pride, and every social interest, invite competition and summon capital, enterprise, and skill, to share the dividends of mechanical industry. What more dolusive, then, than this cry of mo nopoly when all the avenues oftriide on our own soil are alike open to every capitalist or free trade croaker, native or foreign? ANTIDOTE I turn to the antidote of monopoly free trade most wonderful panacea for a nations ills, as if the physician, prescribing in sickness, ever took his own medicine. It is not France, her annual tariff duties being next in amount to those of GreatBritain, which are $120,000,000 annually; more than double our own; as a term applied only a philological petty larceny; nor does the real free trade, as illustrated by Portugal, Turkey, and nations of lower rank, present those attractions which should swerve us from our national policy. In the decline, not less than in the rise and progress of nations, we have enforced the wisest lessons of political economy and warnings in the memory of those years which mark the eras of 1837 and 1856, under a rule which brought low prices, little demand for labor, financial convulsions, and bankruptcy in our country. Free trade maxims and theories may be politically sound as between States under one government with joint liabilities and common interests and motives to exansion; but can we put them in practice? answer, no; involving 1. A breach of faith to the employers of 800 millions of ca ital which has been invested under the implied pledge of protection such as a tariff affords against the inundation of the country with foreign goods. It is the policy inaugurated in the reamble to the 2nd not passed by the 1st gongress, that “Whereas it is necessaryfor the support or"Government, for the dischargeof the debtsoftho U.S., and for the encouragementand irotcction of manufactures, that taxes belaid on goods, wares, and merchandiseimported." Washington, in his homespun, signed the protective law: and the nation has never had a free trade President, but rather received those molding influences by the authority of the rent names pledged to manufacturing interests, cading to a development that for the last 50 years their growth has been double that of our population. 2. A change of our long approved policy would involve a reducing of our operatives, the workers in iron, leather, and in the cotton and woolen mills, proximately to the standards of foreign labor. Plhat plane of the operatives of the did World which represents 100 million people is far below ours in the diffusion of intelligence and the promotion of comfort and morality. Our ten millions would have no adequate power to draw up to us 100 millions wanting in the versatility of our people too (poor to emigrate; and the alter native would be presented in a demand inex orable as death to sink to poverty and discom fort or seek another employment. Mercantile or professional life would furnish but few openings, and skilled labor could only betske itself to agricultural pursuits. What arithmetic could then compute the years of apprenticeship and dear experience wasted by millions as novices? Where the scope for mechanical skill and inventive genius so necessary to develop and employ the varied gifts of the race? The delicate artisan, with untrained muscle, then comes into cometition with brawny workmen in the field, an, transferred from a profitable consumer to a producer, there follows over production and a glutted, worthless market. 3. It would deprive the nation of that cheap method of collecting revenue which, by the concurrent judgment of the wisest Governments, is the least O ) ressive and offensive to the people. It would destroy, by a safe judgment, 2/3rds of the product of our manufacturing industry, amounting to $2,000,000,000 annually, and de rive the Government of not less than 50 millions now collected by excise duty, leaving no alternative but repudiation or a direct taxation on real estate more oppressive than has ever been borne by any nation in modern times. a 4. This dispersion of skilled labor, sure to follow unsuccessful competition with cheap capital and poor paid labor abroad, and the closing of manufacturing establishments, would present to powerful nations saliept points of attack, and greatly lessen our security. With a small army, and facilities furnished by furnaces in full blast, manufactories in good order, and abundant workmen, we established our romptitude and ability to build navies, mold) and mount guns, equip and clothe re ments with such facility that our success int e rebellion was early assured; and the failure of the rebels as plainly foreshadowed in their want of furnaces and factories, on the closing of their ports to unfriendly nations. 1216. In a foreign war, without that propernational independence which is our birth i ight.coinnicrce vexed, skilled labor dispersed. great establishments required to be built, and capital timid. our ruin would be effected. lherefore. I hold a prospered, diversified industry as placing proud and unfriendly nations under a cheaperand not. less salutary restraint than the presence of a mighty army and navy. The historian of Napoleon illustrated this philosophy thus: “ Protection, the industrial creation of Napo leon. was the most precious and principal cause of his conquests, " a policy which is now approved by the Emperor of Russia. 5. Free trade renders the agriculturist de pendent oii an uncertain, fluctuating, and distant market; uncertain and fluctuating torthe reason that the costs of carriage are subject to slight variations, while a surplus of heavy products near the consumers renders those distant of no value. In illustration of this position the maker of cutlery at Sheffield or a French shoemaker cannot afford to accept of the gift of a cargo of corn at Chicago or of a load of wheat 50 miles from a railroad in Iowa. A dependence on this distant market would add to the disability of farmers by exchanging gross products at a heavy cost of transportation with the producer of concentrated values in skilled labor costing but a small%. of the value to reach a market. Hence, in all the northern States good land beyond the suburbs of cities is valued according to its proximity to a high market, and save for grazing, that market is only attractive where there is a dense population, a condition which is not possible where agriculture is the chief occupation. 6. It would arrest immigration. What is the basis for the prediction that half a million people from the crowded States of the Old aim 1d will the present year make a home with us but this, that we pay higher wages than in Europe, and that our lands are attractive because their products find a near and read market? Open the ports free to foreign goo s, and the cheaperinterest for money and the long fostered manufacturing establishments of the Old World would put out the fires at our fo es and close 9 10ths of our cotton and woolen mills, as the latter were closed not long since when not a yard of broadeloth was made. colossal wealth and foreign combinations would so far prostrate our mechanical interests that eratives would be compelled to return to the O d count or enter into competition with the farmers, which would glut the market, and because of the great distance from the consumer render well nigh valucless the farmers products. Shall we turn back the ship loads of sturdy adventurers and laborers, depriving the nation of the coin, to the value of millions of dollars, which they will circulate? Will we push our rent.national railway to the gold mines and the incific? Shall we invite to our new States population which is wealth, and a develoment of our mines; the increase of our lake and river commerce; the multiplication of our animal races, and the building up of cities and towns, furnishing the best markets for gross products, which never can have a permanent establishment in a simply agricultural community except at the gate of commerce? Can we afford to accede to the wishes of our enemies across the ocean, remaining exporters of heavy cereal products to receive only concentrated values, when by our homes we have skilled artisans, abundant motive power, raw staples, cheap food, and every motive in nature to establish our fiscal independence? 1 submit that it is wiser now to offernpremium to immigration than to adopt a polic which involves a dispersion of population, a ding to our freight bills those made by the commerce of the ocean, and a multiplication of agents in our exchanges unproductive as keepers of toll gates. In the industrial contest we have but to cultivate our own and attract millions to our shores ready to shard our burdens and join in an intelligent purpose to secure a public policy, at once unyvavering in character, uniform, and just to all interests. ADDITIONAL rnorneriox 10woos. In establishing the reciprocity treaty and tariff policy. it will become the duty of Conflrcss to offer properirolect on to wool. The 10rd Chancellor of "iigland has for centuries presided in the House of Lords sitting on a wool sack, a sent without back or arms, being a symbolieal tradition of the importance which that nation has always nttaclied to the wool product. Marshall, the eminent writer and agriculturist Of the last century, embodied the sentiment in the remark, “ As an object of national attention the coat of the sheep is of the 1st importance, and every willful attempt to supplant or debur it is an act oftreason against the State.” Our country has adopted another policy in a sceniing exhibition of the spirit of the eccentric John Randolph, founded on the remark attributed to him, yet never uttered, that “he would go a mile to kick a sheep.” True, that eminent writer and faithful friend of the flock, Henry S. Randall, LL. D., gave to the southern States a volume in counsel of which they were not worthy in behalf of sheep husbandry and labor. It did not turn them to the enriching of their lands, the diversioning of their industry, and to the cmnncipation ofarace, and the blindliomage paid to King Cotton was followed by rebellion. iiom fallen royalty the public mind has been turned to a prince worthy to reign, by the suggestions of western economists, that the fleece was the best concentrated product for a distant i market, and by the observation of n rural New, Yorker in Congress that the flock made surer l the wheat harvest; not forgetting the honor able chairman of the ComWays&Means, [Mr. Monnii.i.] who cannot forget the sweet grasses of the mountain asturcs, and the Vermont merine s, surpassinga l the royal flocks of Europe, and the gentleman who gave good evidence of sound American ideas by arousing the ire of the London Times in 1861. we can confidently hope will not forget what is due to a.neglected interest now. I would institute no comparison of the do mestic animals. The horse and the bullock hold a high place among the animal races. Swine, though once prohibited as an article of food for man and cemed fit in a herd, after the spirit of Satan had entered them, to be drowned in the sea, have their admirers and dogs, which no free trader in this Congress proposes to tax, have, in their worthlessness to the number of 4 millions, immunity from assessment, eating out the nations substance annually to the amount of $30,000,000; and these, with unleashed license, though indul ging their appetite for mutton at a cost of millions of dollars annuallv, have their admirers and defenders. I won (1 venture more than a passing word for the animal “behaving well under all circumstances.” 2 centuries ago it was the remark of a statesman, “Wool is the flower and strength, the revenue and blood, of England.7 A study of the policies and industries of that country up to the era of the American cottonin confirms that opinion; and today the gel en hoofed animal, whether regarded as scavenger and gleaner on the hill sides or fertilizer in wastes and fields, producer of food or material for comfortable clothing, employment in the mill a staple which diversities trade and spreads the sails of commerce is not appreciated as when the Roman, Augustus, was possessed of a flock of 200,000 by will, and at the remote period when Greek shepherds moistened the growing fleece with oil and wine, or during the period when England forbid the exportation of sheep, and the 200 years she has denied the exportation of wool. GreatBritain has now one sheep to each acre, exclusive of mountain and forest, and the annual product of her woolens is 100s of millions of dollars. Australia, where English policy and enterprise obtain, grew 30 years ago 8,000,000 ounds of wool, and has noweighty,000,000 ponn 5. France, with an area not larger than 4 of our nothwestern prairie States, with a crowded population, folds ten million more sheep than 2 all the U.S.; which, instead of having, like France, one sheep to the acre, has 100 acres of pasturage for every sheep. During the last 4 years we imported 250,000,000 pounds of wool and woolens, to the value of $183,000,000, making a grand total of $225,000,000 worth in our currency. 1 know these figures are starth ng, but they do not convey the whole truth, since false invoices have lessened the total. Who can doubt the wisdom of that policy of European nations which has regarded wool as the “ flower and strength, the revenue and the blood?" It is unquestioned; related to enriched lands, cheap and palatable food, increased products of manufacturing industry, rural contentment, constant employment without drud ery, remuneration to the maimed soldier on the nations orphans, a scope for maturity of judgment, profitable pastime fbr fie shepherd in lifes evening and a scope for aesthetic culture which has worthily enlisted the time and ben efactors of princes and noblemen for centuries. We ask nothing for an exotic. Ourlatitudes, rasses, conformations, and limpid springs remder this country quite as naturalahome for the sheep as the astures fed by the flocks of Laban, or the shepherd kings of the East. Gentler than the caressing child, undegeuerate by mi gration, scarcely decimated in numbers by the vicissitudes of war, and so yielding to scientific care that the breeder may make his ideal form of beaut and then give it existence. Thus transferre from tropical heat to a country of frost and snow, additional care and scientific breeding have given us animals models of beauty, added to the softness and stren th of the fleece, and raised it from an annual c ip of one and a half ounds to 4 pounds, greatly improving the liirni, invigorating the constitution, adding to longevity and eniiperating with nature in en veIOping the animal with a suitable protection against the rigors of a northern winter. With a mockery of protection under the frown of the South, and subject to a policy changeable as parties, the American merine has attained: perfectionnever reached in the voles of the Orient under the shadow of Lebanon, nor with the care of Spanish shepherds or the of princes and nobles in continenta paEtruornoapgee. At the great international fair, held at Hamburg 2 years since, where 350 entries of sheep were made contending for premiums, Vermont merine slice bore off the 1st 2 and 2nd premiums.The same success is antincipatd at the Worlds Fair about to be held at aris. These 12 animals on exhibition were sold to a Silesian count for $5,000, yet not a larger sum than enterprising flock masters now pay for a single animal. Shall this superiority be maintained, and the noble blood be spread until our country as far surpasses other nations in the number of its flocks as it does now in excellence, or must this great interest be depressed, our flocks reduced by the emigration of the young shep herds to South America, where sheep walks have but a nominal value and there is immu nity from school taxes and excise duties? Or will we hold our vantage position until the flock shall be found in the foreground of every rural scene of beauty, and in the march of empire that vast pasture ground between the Sierra Honda and the Rock mountains, stretchin from Mexico to the ritish possessions, an 1000 miles in width, be white and peopled as the hill sides of Vermont? This congress in the adjustment of a reciprocity treaty and tariff will answer. Here is the plea in figures which exhibits at once our suicidal reliance upon foreign eduiitriesand a just claim for protection. Taking the prices of the products and articles consumed in the great mar et of the Northwest in November, 1860, and November, 1805, on a gold basis, thus enumerated wheat, corn, outs, barley, mess beef, mess pork, lard, beef cattle, live hogs, cheese, broom corn, sorghum and butter, and they were 67%. hivlier. inking 6 examples of articles made from iron and the advance is 34 d%. 5 examples in woolens show an a vance of 19 %., while wool shows an advance of only 14 %. The following statistics are certified to be correct by the Treasury Dept and by the authority of J. R. Dodge, Esq., of the Dept of Agriculture: Woolimportedin theyear endingJim: 30, 1865, 1hefint weare/prerenttariff. Duty. owl. Pounds. At12 centsor less. 3 At 12to 24cents. 6 22, 981, 108 At 24to 32cents. $1, 044 At 32cents and over. 15, 092 Secured y. Shoddy. 3 064 Total dutiable. Canadian. (free). Of this there was from the Argentine repu 9,859,618 2nd grade, (12to 24cents). 244, I Total, (of coarse). 16,103,889 From Africa, (1st grade). 32, 290 From Africa, (2ndgrade). 8,279,973 Total, (of fine). 8,312,233 The duties, as may be seen amount to little more than $2,000,000, orlesst an 5 cents perpound. If invoiced at real value as compared with wool grown in the U.S. the duty would not be over 2 and a half cents peround. From personal examination I am sat isfied as to the false invoices, and there is no friend of the wool interest who does not admit the protection sought a failure. Total woolen: imported weanendingJune 30, Grand total. sayings Total woolcns. asshown. Ss 7.782.918 Total wool in sametime. 45, 569, 044 Total wool and woolcns.(in gold). 8133, 351, 962 Or say $125,000,000 in currency. be urged that this protection will advance the price of cloth, the answer is, it will protect the people from the impositions of shoddy and ibreig n staples far inferior to our own. The strength and durabilit of our wool was subjected to a test by the my and Navy in the wearing of 25 million. garments made from a domestic staple in a single year, and by the authority of the office of the QuarterMGen in charge of these supplies, we have the testimony officially: “It has been demonstrated that American Army cloths are much stronger than those in use in the armies of Europe.” Home made shawls and flannels are more durable, and the latter cheaperthan those imported, and when the service of the garment is considered, the increased 1st cost is no fatal objection. A large class using the home loom or who make exchanges with the neighboring factory are unaffected by higher prices, while the grain raiser finds at the folds of the shepherd a better corn market than at the railroad or by the lakes or the Mississippi. It is today in the wool growing districts 20%. higher than in the near cities, as the prices current will demonstrate. An expansion of this interest furnishes a new demand for mechanical labor, multiplies commodities, increases the ability of the country to buy, stimulates the erectionof manufactories, and ives value to the lands, of which there are 100s of millions of acres producing the nutritious grasses which have seemingly no further use than to light up the heavens with autumnal fires nder than the aurora borealis. Untimbere and distant from railwa s the can have but a nominal value; simply hel for grain raising are worth no more by the acre than was real estate in Sodom. Let me not fail tomention that by the flock we rejuvenate the fields, wasted and skimmed by the exportation of wheat and the burning of the straw, and prepare for the cultivation of do mestic grasses. Encouragement, too, is offered to an all the year round employment, consisting mainly in little attentions which can be be stowed by the child and the man unsuited to severe labor, in contrast with grain growing, which involvesa few months of severe toil; and then the practice of giving up ofrobustmanhood to idleness and squandering, conditions which may be fitly represented by father and sons when the former had returned from a western visit, asking his sons what they had done, to gain the reply, “We have picked u i the apples and made the cider.” “ and what else? “We have, with the neighbors, drank up the cider.” If I seem to push these arguments, my apol ogy is, I want no policy which shall be for the moral disgust and pecuniary loss of the rent agricultural masses. It is be worthy ambition to as ire to be the granary of the world. Egypt of 01 enjoyed that refiminence, but her Delta that brought forth the crop, and the Nile and the sea to bear it away to opulent cities, did not maintain there the reeniineuce of virtue, science, and the arts. permany only threw off her vassalage when she encouraged the growth of animals rather than grain, and encouraged manufactures. The flocks of the State of Iowa have increased more than 600%. for the last 5 years, and those of the Northwest for the same period at the rate of 300%. Iowa has one and a half million, and the new Northwest an investment of fort millions in the wool interest, which can rea ily and at an early day be increased to 100 millions with properencouragement, which shall not be detrimental to any interest rather contributing to national honor an wealth. snonnr. Having shown the just claims of the wool grower, and that protection to him involves national independence and the Welfare of all our industries, pause fora momentto make allusion to that article inimical to our protection and the greatest imposition of the age, known as shodd or mungo. It has come to be associated with fraudulent contracts and snobbery, since furnished through deception in place of wool. What is it but a picked u mass of broken fibers, taken from worn an rotten garments, imported from junk she s, striped from the lazuroni of the Old World, from hospitals and pest houses, with such satanic greed and cupidity that rebels by the imrtation of foreign rags required but few devices to bring among us lost some diseases and pestilence? How gross the impositions visited on our soldiers! What they boughtfor cloth was as destitute of fiber as putriflesh of muscle. altogether wanting in strength and durability. How morti fying to the gentleman, having innocently supposed that his beaver coat was of the best merine staple, to know that he wore the less genteel than 2nd hand clothin, segregations taken from petticoats cast of? y bouth American barbarians and clothes worn by Italian beg gars, which have crowded the holds of the vessels touchin our shores! This is no fancy. The fact of teimposition and too willing degradation is known to all our manufacturers. The importation the last year was 5 million pounds, which required atleast 2 million shee orits growth, almost equal to the number foun in the great State of Pennsylvania. 20 7 million ounds were imported in 4 ears and what were the cash profits of our umiliation? 3 cents a pound, duty. Most itiful return for the impositions practiced for our years on a million soldiers and unsuspecting ladies and private gentlemen. As one who would protect the woogrower from indignity and cloth wearers from a sham and a fraud, l would make no treaty stipulation with Canada for its importation, and prohibit it from abroad, and place shoddyite an rebel on the same probationary plane. a consumer: wi rn orsla ia i icus raorscrln. In my Argument, if indulging in comparisons I shall not be regarded as inimical to any great interest now protected, but ask why hemp and flax receiving generous protection are more entitled to it than wool? hcse articles impov erish the land while sheep husbandry enriches it. We have more hemp manufactured at 40 dollars a ton protection than will be tested at this politicaljuncture for rebel neck tics, and our linens for either utilit or ornament cannot be compared with wool, t lecommon staple, which in facility for imarting beauty ives 1,000hues and coliirs indestructible as the fab ric itself; and as romoter of health can never be supplanted. Vhy should the cowation of the lass maker have preference tot at of the woogrower who only takes from the earth to let in the light; the other rescuing from earths surface the grasses to clothe the man, an earlier necessity than the light? In peace and in war gunpowder has received higher protection than wool, but can the occasion be found in the greater necessity for gunpowder than covering for the soldier who bears the gun, or are there any comensating considerations in favor of rude coalurners or chemists? Salt boilers are not more patriotic and intel 1i entthan shepherds norcan the manufacturer og this necessary article make that plea for favor of the wool grower, that he restores wastes, enriches lands, and contributes to the promotion of the 1st great wants of the race in furnishing clothing; yet a bushel of salt, worth 35 cents, has a protection of 18 cents, while a pound of wool, worth 50 cents, enjoys a protection of 5 cents perpound. I offer no apol ogy for the plea I make in behalf of our great clothing staple. This igantic interest rere senting 100s of millions of dollars, has iad no special defenders, and I ask, as in the last Congress “ Can Government reasonably ask the flook malter. wounded in our battles. returning hometo his farm, a man of education, meeting the responsibilitiesof a citizen and the head of a famil to compete with nomads the half clothed tribeso South America and South Africa, who sleep in huts, subsiston tropical fruits, contributing nothing to social order and the stability of government.raceswho now lood our markets with wool?" If a comparison of the claims of the several great interests shall secure harmonious and equal justice in our legislation, the burdens of Government will be more cheerfully met, and that new portion of the country in behalf ofwhich aspeak may safely inau rate a policy which attractpopulation an capital, and perml c1$ to enter upon a new era of growth and prosperity. The new States of the Northwest, represent in 5 million people, have added not less than afialf million to their population during the past 5 years. Of the til able lands, but 1/3rd of the area is under improvement; yct 20 million bushels of wheat, in granaries and elevators, are waitin purchasers, and 100 million bushels O corn is found in excess of home demand. The much prized grain market in Europe has become of less value than that of the city of Washington during one session of Congress, and the actual export the last car was not more than the consumption of IcClellans army while ditching by the banks of the Chickahominy. Were railroad and ship ping charges reduced to the rates before the war, 4/5ths of the surplus grain product would not ay for transportation to the best market. Added to other rivals, Russia has just become a powerful and successful competitor in the grain markets of Europe. Her people are industrious and skillful. Vheat is indige nous to 100 million of her acres which have just been brought forth from isolation. The main railroad line connecting Balta and the great port of Odessa is opened, and the immense landed estates of the nobles, the interests of 60 million people, and the pride of the most sagacious ruler of Europe, who has announced the policy of national protection, all conspire to establish the conclusion that a.foreign demand for the cereals of the west is to be determined by blight or famine rices. The States of Missouri, Kentucky, and tennessee, hitherto so largely engaged in pork raising, promise to reduce the value of that product to an extent that contracts for the next years delivery can be made at half the present prices. The almost boundless cattle pastures of Arkansas, Texas, and the Indian erritory, which furnished meat for the Scuth during the rebellion, we are unable to compete with in a colder climate; and unwilling to forego schools and society to conform to their modes of life, have successful competi tors. In connection with these facts there is another of material concern, that simpl as grain raisers, we defy nature in impover is in the land, rendering the crops certain, an without the presence of mechanical and manufacturing industry, we must meet freight charges, commissions, insurance, loss of time and product, supporting not less than 16 middle men in the circuit of each exchange in that sure road to poverty and dependence which has attended every nation adhering to such a policy. Iadmit the necessity of cheaperoutlets; that there may be well founded comlaints of extortion; and am not blinded to the fact that our rairie States are designated in nature as the avored seat of agriculture on this continent; and the crowding of our granaries to meet the demand occasioned by short crops in other countries, at remunerative prices, is wise economy. But such an awaitin for others calamities nourishes the spirit of the wreckers on the coast who are moved to pray for storms and ship wrecks. such is not the mission of our people. The ask no thrittwhich is dependent on others misortunes, nor a policy of netions, but rising to the grandeur of a people ounding and molding the industries and policies of the great central States of a continent, they have, in a measure, the power of determining their own social and financial destiny. For one, I accept the policy of the Gentfrom Chicago, [Mr. Wssrwoaru ] who, in the early days of congressional life, was reputed to have sent to his constituents tons of tree trade speeches, and who now writes them: tu“reWscW willaut home consumption. Home manufac furnish this. Illinois must and shall be a manufacturing State. It it requires legislation to effpetthis. then the legislation must be had. aga:ilnhs 10th Welll oopuprrheosmsivoemtraarnkseittshcoemoubri nbaetsiotns protection shall we have Then petonoc for homemechanics happy in their oom our hnght exemplars in onceand our sure do endersin war. Then shall we avelaborers. intelligent. respected and well paid,:lorying in a.dent in history sha country which protectsher sons against the pauperlabor of the Old World.” Most confidently may the State of Iowa as pire to such a destiny. Our national currency as caused money to beara less interest. Her railway system reaches the motive power of her noblest rivers, and a rich heritage of coal fields far excelling those of GreatBritain, where chea bread, homesteads, and healthful breezes we come enterprise, labor, and capital. To these favoring conditions for prosperity there the flocks have increased for 5 ears in a ratio unprecedented, and the manu acturing woolen capital of the State is doubled in 2 years, and under that law of this century which attracts it to the coal measures we.can anticipate greater success and here in a pleasing digression, I wouldmention the circumstances of the closing of the last manufactor of that “ stock on hand” article in the 4th district of Iowd by the putting out of the fires of a mammoth distillery in the city of Oskaloosa, and the future occupancy of the establishment, remodeled, by woolen machinery, resting by exhaustless coal deposits, its influence to be set over against the agents of social degradation and vice; esteemed asan enterprise bringing comfort, wealth, societary blessings, agricultural develoment, and the accepted omen of a higher civilization which like a beacon lit upon a hill, after diffusing warmth and blessings around, tinges the distant horizon with its glow. Mr. Chairman, there is Gods charter in na ture for the growth, culture, and power of our northwestern prairie States and this is the era which invites a cultivation of our resources and the inauguration of a domestic policy which shall be permanent and romotive of a diversified industry. The word has no such lakes for commerce, and not a young city has so proudly, during the ages, sat at the gate of commerce a queen as Chicago. Our rivers have no rivals as the great channels of trade, nor was there ever a plainer designation in nature that the opulent and now free “Mound City, ” almost in the shadow of the mountains of minerals, shall be the home of 10,000 sons of Vulcan, to create economical exchanges which shall mingle the merry life currents of enterprise and bring development to our lands and increased resources by a diversity of labor. Our soil is unincumbered with forests and rocks, which have in the older States taxed for their removal the energies of a generation. In richness it is only surpassed by the Delta of the Nile, and is traverse by railways which reach coal de ositsequal to the wants of a dense poulation or unto d ages. Each year of war has advanced our people a decade in moral hero ism and intelligent conviction. They will cheer fully meet the burden of taxes, but spurn foreign machinations and freetrade economists as alike inimical to the occupancy of their lands now vacant, their social interests, and an honorable discharge of national obligations. He shall be my Gamaliel and political econ omist who speaks like Mr. Speaker, [Mr. Cor. rsx] thus: " Now that the warfortheUnien hascloled. blessed as we are with a nation vest in its area from ocean to ocean.within the very parallelsof latitude in which is found 3 quarters of the worlds population, nearlyallofitshighest phasesofci ilisation, abounding in all kinds of mineral weal with unequaled agricultural resources.with.bound esswater power, with an industrious population, with American en leerggiyslaatniodnAmerican enterprise. our future if our is wine, will be more brilliant than the mostglorious annals of our past. In this most critical period of our financial history, I would cling to our opportunities and leave nothing to the too late friendship of rival nations in the forming of treaties an adjustment of tariffs. Our industry is weary of foreign assaults, changes, and a blind trusting to nature and Providence. The lain philosophy of an inci libe my guide. it is related that at nightfall as Mohammed and his attend ants were crossing the desert and weary preared their camp, a comanion no doubt a rec trade trust in Provience philosopher was overheard to say, “I will loose my camel and commit him to God.” Mohammed, who shall be mymentor, chided his friend, “ Tie your camel, and then commit him to God." Clasp our gifts in nature with our industries and arts to the people by law, and our financial success is assured now and for a century.