Mr. COWAN. We are the judge of the elections, the qualifications, and the returns; but we cannot 0 any further; we cannot su pemdd any ad itional qualifications, nor can we come to the conclusion that we will reject him because he is a bad man or because he believes differently from us or has a different reliwion or a different creed, or anything of that hind. We must take him because he is the chosen representative of the State sending him; and if the State cannot send whom she pleases to represent her, then she is not a free State, and somebody else has the right to dictate to her who shall represent her. When a Senator presents here credentials in due form. there being no objection to his election, no objection to the return, and he offers to qualify, he is entitled to take his seat; and why? The honorable Senfrom Illinois might have followed with great profit the anal ogy that he started upon. He admits that in the organization of a body of this kind, a representative and deliberative body, unless the credentials were primafacie and unless the members were allowed to take their seats upon those credentials, never could be organized; agree to my conviction; and if I am e organization would be utterly impossible. Again. he might have said that unless members i come here and take their seats prima fum'r upon the credentials this would be a close corporation; this would be a body, once in the lands of a particular majority, always in the hands of that majority, and you could never break it. How would a minority of this body ever become the majority if the existing major it at the very threshold can say to a man upon his credentials, “You cannot have a seat?” That is to mistake 2 different functions entirely different functions. After a man takes his seat, if it is found that he has been guilty of any crime, any offcnse, any violation of that which is essential to the good order of the Senate, then 2/3rds may expel him, but it requires 2/3rds, and that is the security of the hodv.