Mr. DOOLITTLE. Mr. President, when our fathers placed in the Constitution the clause by which they determined “ that Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be include within this Union accordingto their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, 3/5ths of all other persons, ” they expected that in a very brief period of time all persons within the U.S. would be free. In this they were.most grievously disappointed. Slavery not only continued, but by its fostering care the number of slaves were increased beyond all expectation and all calculation; and now that the day of emancipation has come and come amid the fires of revolution and civilWar; now that slavery has gone out in blood, stricken down by the hands of those who were its professed riends for they opened the civilWar which brought slavery to its end a new question arises, whether this disturbance of the basis of representation, sudden by act of war, by the crime of the South, requires an amendment of the Constitution. The apprehension which lies at the bottom and which leads many persons to seek for an amendment is substantially this: they say the South is guilty of the crime of bringing on this war; the slaves have been set free as a consequence of the war; shall the South reap:1benefitfrom its own wrong? Shall the South go into a rebellion against the Government, in consequence of which her slave population has been set free and the basis of her representation has been increased, and shall she reap an advantage for her crime? That is the question. Now, Mr. President, before I go any further I desire to call attention to some facts which I think will show that this apprehension of an increase of the basis of representation in the South will prove to be Without foundation. The destruction of the population, both white and black, during the civilWar has been most enormous. Of the white poulation there were in those States in 1860 O white males over 20 years of a e about one million 600,000. early 1/3rd of that white pulation over 20 years of age has pershed. As to the black poulation we have not the specific facts upon which we can make a positive mathematical calculation; but we have acts stated to us upon the very highest authority, and estimates made by gentlemen who have had the means of knowing, if it is possible for any human being to know that the actual de struction of the black population since 1860 has been at least 25%. of that whole population. The high olhcers in our own Army state this, and give this as their opinion, without any qualification, that 25%., one million of the 4 millions, have perished already. Governor Aiken, of SCarolina, who was recently in Washington, madea statement upon that subject, and his opinion is entitled to the very highest consideration. It is known by all that he was one of the largest slaveholders in the State of SCarolina, if not the largest. He has lived in that section of country during the whole of this civilWar. His means of information are very extended, and he states most unequivocall that more than a million of blacks have erished more than 25%. of their whole number. Hon. Ran all Hunt, of the city of NewOrleans and I refer to him because he is a Union man and has been! as I understand, during the whole of this struggle, and has lived there his whole lifestates also that beyond 25%. of them have perished. Captain Haynes, another Gentfrom Louisiana, who has been in the Union Army, been asst provost marshal, been sheriff of the counties there, states to rue and he is writing a communication on that subject that at least from 25 to 30 or cent. have perished. These gent emen go on to give the reasons why this is so. It is not that they have all perished in battle, erished directly by wounds or what may have been inflicted upon them by the war itself, but wherever the armies of either the North or South have gone in that country the whole negro population of the plantations has been broken up. The able bodied men and women have often fled from fright, leaving the weak, the infants, the children, the old, the feeble to perish before they could return. The smallox, as a disease, has traveled from the Rappa annock to the Rio Grande among the colored population, sweeing them by 1,000s and by 100s of 1,000s, and all the other diseases which gather around camps, which come from the fact that they are congre gated together in crowds, unaccustomed to that mode of life, have destroyed them. In all human probability when the next census comes to be taken and the fearful record is opened up. appalling as the fact is to us 2/5ths of the colored population will be ound to be in the ground. It is an apailing fact, Mr. president, but it is a fact which we must look at and see as it is. I tell you it is true as Holy Writ from all this information directly from those who have been there and have had the means ofinformation. Now, Mr. President, the destruction of the white race, as I have said, has been almost in equal proportion, not so much, perhaps, among the women and children, but of the males over 20 years of age in the South, nearly 1/3rd of the whole have crished. The destruction of this war upon the southern States is a destruction compared with which we have nothing in the loyal States that can give us any adequate conception. It was estimated by the Senfrom Kentucky, [Mr. GUTHRIE] I believe, that at least 10,000 millions of property in the South had been destroyed by the civilWar. I have not gone into the figures on that subject, and do not give my own opinion in relation to the amount of property destroyed. I suppose be included in his estimate what was to be the value of the slave property. Suppocse and not speak much from my own knowledge. I have only made one short trip into the southern States, and some of my friends around me were with me on that occasion, in the month of March last, a car a 0. We sailed to ilton end, and from there to the city of Charleston. I never shall forget. the morning of the 20th of March last, as we sailed into that harbor, just as the sun was rising out of the Atlantic ocean. We passed by Sumter and sailedu into the harbor of C arles ton. As we apreached the city, we sailed along from dock to ock and dock to dock 3 narters of a mile before we could find a doc at which we could make a landing. they were all broken up; the piles were rotten; the planks were rotten, and as we looked over the city, for about a mile and a half of it solid, scarcely a building could be seen that had not been injured by the shot and shell that General Gill more from behind his sand batteries, 4 or 5 miles away, had been raining n on that devoted city; and as we looked over the whole city, it seemed to me like the city of the dead. It certainly was a dead city to all appearance to me. That picture of destruction which Ithere saw in the city of Charleston gave me some thin of a realizing sense of the destruction which this war has brought upon the southern States. But I do not desire to dwell upon that. The question of the destruction of property perhaps has no direct bearing on the question of the destruction of population; but the population of the South has been so destroyed and wasted and enfeebled in consequence of this war that I do not for one, I confess, feel those apprehensions which some entertain that if they are admitted to representation under the Constitution just as it stands they will have any increase of Representatives. My opinion is that after the next census their representation will be diminished unless emigration from the North or from Europe shall fill up their population and increase it so as to entitle it to an increased representation. Mr. President, I only desired to say a very few words; it was not my purpose on the present occasion to make any extended remarks. In relation to the pending tproposition, without going into the argument of the proposition it self or the principle which is involved in it, I have this objection to it, that. I think it fails to accomplish the very purpose which it seeks on its face to accomplish. I do not see that there is anything in the resolution which would prevent SCarolina or any other State from passing a law that any person who was born ree or whose ancestors were free, should exercise the elective franchise, and none others. That would exclude the whole of the colored population, and yet would leave the State to Iiave its full representation. There is nothing which would prevent the State of SCarolina or any other State from sayin that only those persons who had served in the military service and their descendants should exercise the elective franchise. That would exclude the colored pulation, and the Union population too, if they refused to serve in the army. Mr. President, I rose principally to say that the proposition which I have submitted as a substitute for this resolution, as it seems to me, is a better proposition than the one now pending. My amendment is, in substance, that representation shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union according to the number in each State of male electors over 21 years of age, qualified by the laws thereof to choose members of the most numerous branch of its Legislature, and that direct taxes shall be ap portioned among the several States according to the value of the real and personal taxable property situated in each State, not belonging to the State or to the U.S. This bases representation upon the qualified voters of the several districts which elect members of Congress in the several States, and it does, in substance, accomplish the object which I understand to be aimed at; that is to say, if it requires 20,000 electors in the State of Wisconsin to choose one Representative and give one vote in the hoRep, it requires 20,000 electors elsewhere to do the same thing, and, therefore, every elector in every State has precisely the same weight and the same voice in the HoRep and on the question of the taxation of property I insist that the true principle is that direct taxes should be apportioned according to the value of the property and not on the basis of population. when the question comes up for action it is my purpose to move this as a substitute for the pending resolution. I know it is objected that if voters are made the basis of representation, some of the eastern States will lose. When, however, you come to look into the figures, it will be shown that there will be no substantial reduction of the Representation of NewEngland. In reference to the State of California, and probably it would be true of all the minin districts where the principal part of the population is males, there would be an increase of representation, but generally the ine unlit y of males and femala will regulate itself, and will disappear after a few ears. I have before me a table which was p on that subject by Hon.