Mr. FESSENDEN. It is the fact. They claim to have the only thing in this tariff the Senator cannot point to another one in which an article out of which a product is made is taxed precisely at the same rate with the article manufactured from it, which is contrary to all the principles of the tariff as carried out in every other article, contrary to every other provision in it from the beginning to the end. E is the only one where this is demanded. Why? For what other reason? Now, let us look at the protection which the West gets so far as linseed is concerned. Take it at 16 cents. We did have a draw back upon the foreign seed, Ior should rather say on the product of the foreign seed. The gentlemen of the West objected to that, not on revenue grounds, not upon any ground except this: “You can export your cake that is made from linseed, what is called the oil cake, and get a drawback amounting to about 5 cents or 4 and a half cents; while ours, being a native production, cannot be exported, and we cannot get the drawback; therefore it does not cost you so much as it costs us.” We well; we have yielded to that and struck off the drawback. Now what more do they get? They get ten cents upon every bushel of seed, or upon every gallon of oil. It costs that to carry, if they should attempt to carry, a bushel of seed from the sea board to the West to Cincinnati. They get their ten cents protection there. But the crushers of the West say, “It is a native production: we can raise the seed: you are bringing in seed from abroad, and we want to put it precisely upon the ground that you cannot manufacture except at such a disadvantage as will enable us to afford to send the oil we make down to the sea board, and thus tax you with the additional sum that it costs to carry it;” because that is the result of it inevitably. Now, let us look and see how it stands. There are some other people interested in this question. My friendfrom NewJersey says that these 2 interests have come together and agreed upon 20 and 35 cents. In my judgment that is a little too broad a distinction; it should be 20 and 30 if any thing. i not know that i should object to that except that there was another party interested, which gentlemen seem to forget, as the wool growers and wool manufacturers forgot that there was a certain other party that was not represented in their convention larger than theirs, but which does not keep its agents always in the field, and that was the consumer. So here, what is this oil used for? It is used for paints all over the country wherever any paint is used, for every man's house, inside and outside, for all purposes, for everybody. It strikes me that that being the case, it is well to consider that the cousumer has some interest in this question as well as the crusher, or as well as the man who grows the seed. That the honorable Senfrom NewJersey did not take into consideration. I do not think, however, that the rates suggested by him are very unreasonable, except that they add just so much to the amount of expenditure which every man must be at who has occasion to use the article. Then, sir, would it be reasonable for the West to claim, as they do, that they have a right to have duties imposed that shall give them the power to furnish this article exclusively by bringing up the oil and the seed, and putting them upon the same level, and thus giving an advantage to those who have the seed at their own door by putting the duties so high on the seed that they may be able to send the prod uct of their industry down upon the sea board and charge every man there with the additional expense of the transportation? because that is the amount of it. My answer to all that is, that each section of the country is thoroughly and perfectly protected against the other as the law stands. The western crusher sends his cake abroad. We have taken off the distinction there. He sends it now at just as much advantage as the man of the East does; but neither party ought to be charged for the benefit of the other with the expense of the transportation of the seed from one section to the other. What is grown in the West can be used in the West, and there has not come a time yet when it could more than meet the great and growing demand for it there. It is not sent probably to any extent to the East. What is manufactured in the East is not sent to the West, and does not interfere with their sale there in any particular. Why, then, should this discrimination be made against the large amount of capital that is already invested in the manufacture at the East, merely for the benefit of pushing the growth to a greater extent in the West? It looks to me like a selfish demand. Both are prospering. There is the answer to the whole. There is no complaint. There was no complaint before our committee. There was no pretense before our committee that the business of growing seed was suffering in the West, or that the business of making oil was suffering in the West. Oil commands very high prices both East and West. This last year there has been a large importation, because they were caught with not enough to be able to supply the country; but as a general rule we have had no complaint. Why, sir, I asked the question of a crusher the only one who appeared before our committee whether there was not a rapid and sufficient sale for all the seed raised in the West, and he admitted that there was. This proposition does not come from the grower of the West, from the farmer, except as he is induced to sign these petitions for the benefit of the crusher. It comes from the crusher who wishes to monopolize the business. That is the true statement of the fact with reference to it. All admit there is not a pretense to the contrary, because I othe gentleman who appeared there before the committee on the subject that the business is flourishing at the West, both of growing seed and of manufacturing oil at the present day. He would like to have more protection; and so would they all. It proves what I said yesterday, and is one illustration of it, that you cannot leave the framing of a tariff to the manufacturers alone; it is out of the question. I know that every Senator feels under obligation to make an effort, at any rate, to express the views and carry the points of a large interest in his own section of the country; but after all it is for the Senate to consider whether there is any such suffering as calls for anything of the kind. Now, sir, the 100 vessels engaged in the India trade bring more or less of the India seed. It makes a little more oil, I am told, to the bushel than the western seed about one pint; where one makes 2 gallons the other makes 2 gallons and a pint. The difference is not very great, at any rate. I think the advantage of having the seed grown at your own door and bought as you wish to get it is sufficient to counterbalance that. I have stated the views which the committee entertained. They looked at this matter with a great deal of care. They heard testimony upon it. They waited several days before deciding upon it in order that a gentleman who wished to be heard might come before them, to whom I have alluded, and he failed to convince the committee by any statement of fact. He seemed to be very frank and honorable in admitting what was true as to the state of facts. But taking what he stated, the result was on the mind of the committee as I have said; and with the yielding of the point, which the manufacturers on the sea coast very stren uously objected to as very injurious to them, of the drawback upon the cake we thought that the matter was left in a fair condition.