Mr. FESSENDEN. Mr. President, I will 1st answer one or 2 questions put by the honorable Senfrom Maryland on my left, [Mr. JOHNson.1 He asked me why the is put so high upon other coal. I tell him it was designed to make a distinction; it was the design of the House to make a distinction, and for very obvious reasons. It is worded in the way it is with reference to lines because of the necessity of resorting to that mode in order to accomplish the purpose. It is necessary to have some other designation than a mere description of the place from which the coal comes. The ComFinance are not responsible far that. If Senators choose to call it a contrivance, it was a contrivance of the House committee and not of the Senate committee, and I think a very good one, and the only one that would effect the purpose. The coal that is imported from GreatBritain is a high priced coal, rather used as an article of luxury than anything else. It is used some what for gas, but it is used by some people for burning purposes, because it has peculiar advantages as a burning coal; and those who can afford to pay for it buy it and use it in preference to other coal; and hence it is imported to a certain extent; and as that is a matter of trade with GreatBritain, we thought under the circumstances the duty upon it might stand. Anthracite wasmentioned originally simply because it has always stood so in our tariffs. The idea of putting a duty on it, however, is a mere humbug, for none can be imported; and for that reason, when the committee came to see how the matter stood they struck out those words and simply put the duty on “all other coal.”, Anthracite coal needs no protection of any kind or description. If the Senator's coal from Cumberland needs protection it needs protection against 2 ene mies: one is anthracite coal, which will be preferred for burning purposes always to the Cumberland or any other bitumine us coal in this country wherever it can be had at anything like the same price. That experience has proved. I do not know that a pound of the Nova Scotia coal or Cumberland coal is used for the purpose of fuel merely in the town where I reside, though we import some of the Nova Scotia coal: The other enemy Cumberland coal has to contend with, let me tell the Senator, is the Baltimore and Ohib railroad and the Chesa eake and Ohio canal. Its enemies are the reights the Maryland miners have to pay over their own railroads and their own canals, raising the price of coal. They should fear this much more than any competition from other coals anywhere. The effort is to saddle all the rest of the country with those freights for the benefit of these 2 works. Now, sir, with reference to the main question, let me answer one or 2 of the questions of the Senator on my right, [Mr. CREs well] Cumberland coal sold at a lower price than Pictou coal this very last year in the NewYork market, with all its expenses of transportation. It sold at something like 7 ollars and a half or 8 dollars, when the Pictou coal was selling for 9 dollars and a half, because it could be put there cheaper. It is sold in New. " and used in NewEngland, and used largely in NewEngland, for purposes for which the Pictou coal cannot be used. It is used, in the 1st place, for purposes of steam. It commands a higher price for that use; and during the war, when Pictou }coal wa.s selling in Boston at ten dollars, large of Cumberland coal were selling in oston at 16 dollars, for the simple reason that it is used for so many more purposes. In a statement handed to me by a gentleman who is perfectly familiar with the whole matter, he says that in Boston Cumberland coal was selling at about the same price as Pictou, but the real value of the coal was one dollar per ton over Pictou. That was at a later period than the one of which I have just spoken. He says further, that Cumberland coal is used extensively for ocean steamships; all the steamers from NewYork and Boston use it. 40 pounds of Cumberland will make more steaum than 52 pounds of Pictou. All the glass works in NewEngland use Cumber land coal, and it is the only coal used in machine shops and for blacksmiths' purposes throughout i. country. It is carried by rail to Island Pond for blacksmith purposes. It oes up that far, through Maine, very near to Xanada, in preference to the Pictou coal.