Mr. DOOLITTLE. Mr. President, whatever may be said about other laws affecting commercial transactions, I believe the bankrupt system of every civilized nation on the globe embraces within its provisions even alien enemies; and the proposition to exclude from the benefits of this bill those persons who have been once engaged in rebellion, but have given up the cause of the rebellion and profess at least their determination to be obedient to the Constitution and laws of the U.S., is the last proposition I ever expected to hear Presented or entertained in this body. Mr. President, aside from that question, the truth is that what the South perhaps needs more than anything else at the Present time is the breaking up of the large landed estates into smaller farms, to be occupied and culti wated by the system of free labor. And this bill, in my judgment, both in its compulsory clauses and in its voluntary clauses, will tend to do that very thing. When proceedings are taken against a debtor who may reside at the South, whose property mainly consists in vast bodies of real estate, the result of the decree of the court will be that the lands are to be sold, and they will be sold and titles will be given, titles upon which men can rest, and in that way the estates will be divided. If you hold out to persons having this kind of property, when it is incumbered and they are involved, the right to come into the court of bankruptcy and ask for a sale and distribution of the property, it will operate in the same way; and, in my judgment, by leaving it in its nil operation, both in its compulsory provisions and in its voluntary provisions, the measure is one of the best measures that can be conceived for the purpose of breaking up the great landed estates of the South and dividing them into small farms, which is essential to the adoption of that kind of civilization which rests upon free labor. The other system resting upon slave labor, continually increased the landed estates; but the free labor system has a tendency to break them up into small farms, and by breaking them into small farms have more thickly settled neighborhoods, and with those neighborhoods come villages and school houses and all that which distinguishes the northern civilization of the free States.