Mr. MCDOUGALL. It is a year or 2 since I expressed my judgment to the Senate in regard to this question of bounty. I then affirmed what I desire now to reaffirm, that it is the obligation of every citizen of this Republic, poor or rich, to render his service in war when it is called for. I do not know why the poor man, “the publican and the sinner, ” should do more battle than the rich man who lives in a palace. It is my opinion, and has been always, that the great men of a State, the public men of a State, the men of large possessions, the men of large wealth should be at the front of armies. It was so at Marathon; it was so at Plattea; it was so in the old Roman times. We have adopted a miserable, false, and cowardly policy whereby we allow a person, who is under obligation to go, because he has something to maintain in the front of battle, to hire, for a trifling thing, a man to take his place. From the 1st I have opposed: that policy; I have said “ Every man demanded for the service, to his place; no bounties." I have said there shonl be no differences between the individuals who constitute the nation; the rich must fight as well as the poor; and therefore no bounties, no substitutes. So have I always said; so I now say. Our present experience enables us to recognize the fact that our policy was wrong. 9 came into our late war without experience; we are traveled through it ignorantly; that is, most of us ignorantly, and particularly so the persons intrusted with administration; consequently they did not understand the policies that an derlie the incorporation of the elements of war I among a people. Otherwise this would not have been a war of 4 years; 12 months it would have sufficed; and we should not have I lest 100s of 1,000s of men. We have i wandered far away from the true philosophy of the conducting of the elements of warlike organization. But, sir, I do not care to discuss this ques‘tion. I care simply to throw out somethings that are truths, which should be recorded because they are exact truths, and belong to the history and belong to the records of the nation.