Mr. LAWRENCE, of Ohio. The Government of the U.S. has acted upon this question already, not only in the case ofv Kentucky, butby admitting WestVirginia as a State. I will say to the Gentfrom Maine that the construction for which he contends is not the propergrammatical construction to be given to it, nor is it the construction put upon it by the jurists of this country. The construction for which I contend is the one always recognized, acted on, and so completely established that it is constitutional law not now to be questioned or overturned. The effect of that section 3 of article 4,so far as this question is concerned, is precisely as though it read, “New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; and no State shall be formed orderected within the jurisdiction of any other State without the consent of the Legislature of the State concerned, as well as of the Congress.” For this purpose it reads just as though the clause which I have omitted to read was not in the section at all and now, one word as to the duty of congress, where the government of a State is overthrown. The whole duty and the whole power of Congress on that subject is contained in section 4 of article 4 of the constitution of the U.S., which is in these words: “The U.S shall ua S in this Union a RFG: That clause contemplates or recognizes 2 things; 1st, that the government o a State is one thing; and, 2nd, that the State itself, for certain purposes, is another thing. In other words, there may be a geo phical State, which is a thing different and distinct from the government of that State. When the lawful government of a State is subverted and destroyed, as it may be by rebellion, it then becomes the duty oft o U.S., of Congress, to ar anty to the geographical State a RFG. The duty is not to guaranty to a portion of the geographical State, but to the whole of the geographical State, a RFG. The duty is not to guaranty to the geographical State the same government which it had before, or to permit the people to resume the same government which they had before. But it is to guaranty a RFG; not the RFG which the State originally had. It is to be any RFG which may be acce itable to Congress and it was by virtue Oft at power that the Peirpoint government was established in the old State of Virginia, when by rebellion and treason the original lawful government of Virginia had been overthrown and abandoned. hat is the position which I take; that is the view which believe to be warranted by the clause of the constitution which I have read. For when the geographical State has no government it has not a “ RFG.” The duty to guaranty government is, among other things, to provide the means of setting up a new State government when none exists. A guarantor is bound to do that which the principal ought to have done. The geographical State and the people never were and never can be out of the Union, but a State government may be abandoned or overturned, yet the nation cannot thus be destroyed. The national power may then be invo edto set up, to guaranty, new State government, and the power belongs to the nation, because it is essential to national life; for it left to the recreant States or the people thereof it might never be done by them.